notes on colonialism and the countryside
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Answer:
Countryside refers to the rural areas. As you know that East India Company got Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha from Mughal rulers in 1765. It means they got the power to make rules on the revenue collections and rural administration.
Bengal – Establishment of colonial rule – New land revenue, Auction system under Warren Hastings – 1793, Permanent Revenue settlement in Bengal by Lord Cornwallis.
Crises in village economy, revenue demand of the state was fixed.
The rise of the Jotedars – their land was cultivated through share croppers.
Resistance of Zamindars – their land was auctioned frequently.
The fifth report report submitted to British Parliament 1813.
The Hoe and the Plough – Shifting agriculture, expensive of village economy.
Paharias – hunters, shifting cultivators, food gathers connected with forests, invaded settled farmers 1770.
Santhals – Settled in Bengal – practiced cultivation land demarcated to them known as Daman-i-koh.
Conflicts with unsettled paharias -1850 – they resisted the British – Santhal revolt.
Revolt in the Bombay and Deccan – 1875.
Burning of account book of moneylenders and shopkeepers.
New revenue System – Ryotwari system in Bombay Deccan – direct settlement, land assessed for 30 years subject to periodic revision