nswer the
Although cattle are a rich source of milk in Pakistan, why are the only reared on a small
scale
Answers
Explanation:
Pakistan's milk sector and major dairy production systems. 1 ... Contributions of different feed sources for dairy animals in Pakistan ... of one to four animals, while fewer animals are kept in medium- sized and ...
Answer:
Executive summary
With a population of 160.9 million people in mid-2008, Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world, and
has an estimated population growth rate of more than 2 percent per annum (Government of Pakistan, 2008). By 2030,
50 percent of the country’s population is expected to live in cities (UNFPA, 2007).
Nearly 30 percent of household expenditure on food items is on milk and dairy products (ACR, 2006). Pakistan’s
annual milk production in 2007/2008 was approximately 42 million tonnes, making it one of the world’s top milk producers (Government of Pakistan, 2009a).
Buffaloes and cows are the major milk producing animals, with 62 percent of milk produced by buffaloes and 34
percent by cows.3
Approximately, 80 percent of the milk is produced in rural areas, with peri-urban areas accounting for
15 percent, and urban areas for 5 percent. Over the past ten years, milk production in Pakistan has risen by 36 percent
(Government of Pakistan, various years). This gain in production is largely a result of increases in animal population
rather than in animal productivity.
Two major sources of environmental pollution are peri-urban production systems and large-scale processing facilities. Waste management practices in these facilities contribute to unchecked emissions of greenhouse gases and contaminate water sources. There is little understanding or awareness of dairy-related environmental damage.
Pakistan’s livestock feed industry is underdeveloped. Only about 0.20 million tonnes of feed are produced annually,
against a total estimated requirement of 40 million tonnes.
The rural population engaged in livestock production is estimated at 30 to 35 million people, who derive 30 to 40
percent of their incomes from livestock (Government of Pakistan, 2005); 34 percent of these people are poor (PIDE,
2004). Over the past ten years, herds have become more fragmented, with 9.4 percent more buffaloes now kept
in herds of only one to four animals. Women and girls play a primary role in management, and men are involved in
marketing.
In the past three to five years, the government and donors have started investing in dairy development, with current
projects valued at US$112 million. For the first time in the country’s history, the government formulated a Livestock
Policy in 2007. The formal dairy processing sector is the driving force behind the establishment of cold chains.
The two major types of marketing chain in the country are informal and formal chains, accounting for 97 and 3
percent, respectively, of total supply. The main differences between the two regard the sophistication of storage and
handling infrastructure and practices.
Milk consumers in Pakistan are often faced with low-quality, adulterated milk. Lack of hygiene, adulteration with
various agents, and absence of cold chains are primary contributors to this low quality.
The dairy sector presents opportunities for employment generation and poverty alleviation. A rapidly increasing
population and high rates of urbanization are additional driving forces of the demand for fresh and processed milk
and products.
The main hurdles faced by the sector are the piecemeal approach of government and donors to dairy development
in general, and specific issues such as the primitive state of infrastructure and technology, the limited availability and
high cost of inputs and related services, and minimal government support.
At the end of this report, key elements of a roadmap are recommended for the development of a successful dairy
industry. These include an objective, guiding principles, and clearly defined roles for stakeholders.
Explanation: