Observation of river pollution an irrigation
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This paper describes the impact of polluted river water on ground water of agricultural area and its suitability for irrigation. In this study seven villages were selected for investigating river and groundwater contamination. Hence 11 river and 54 well water samples were obtained from either side of Kham River. Pollution by TDS, Cl, NO3, Ca, Mg, and Na in 22 river water sample during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period was observed. 6 groundwater sample during pre-monsoon period and 8 well water samples during post-monsoon period have NO3 concentration more than 45 mg/lit as per Indian Irrigation and drinking water standard. The suitability of river and groundwater for irrigation was determined on the basis of chemical indices like Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly’s ratio (KR). IS 11624:1986 and analytical data plotted on US salinity diagram illustrates that, 22 river water samples during pre-monsoon and post monsoon period are having SAR above 26 and EC above 6000 micromhos/ cm. This suggests that river water is unsuitable for irrigation. 6, 13 groundwater samples along left and right bank of Kham river respectively have SAR between 18 to 26 and EC 3000 to 6000 micromhos/cm. Such water when used for irrigation decreases soil solution capacity and irrigated water is not available to plant even though soil appears wet. A statistical correlation was attempted on above mentioned water quality parameter. River and groundwater sample analysis shows increased concentration of sodium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and chloride which indicates the influence of domestic and industrial effluent on river and groundwater hydrochemistry in village Waluj, Patoda, Naigaon, Valdgaon of Aurangabad and Gangapur taluka. This was clarified in Spatial relationship between river water and groundwater.
KeywordsAurangabad; Domestic sewage; Ground water; Ground water contamination; India; Industrial effluent; Kham river; Maharashtra; Quantum geographical information system; River waterIntroductionChemical contamination of river and groundwater is the most serious pollution problems, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas with deficient water resources. Chemical pollutions and waste water pollutions in river and GW are normally unidentified until some disease affects the local population. In the recent years, India has been subjected to pollution attributed to industrial and domestic source of pollutant, owing to unethical practices and poor enforcement of environmental law and regulation. Many aquatic ecosystems are severely threatened by human mediated contamination since several industrial establishments are concentrated near river basin for obvious reasons. Such activities put high hydrological stress on existing groundwater by deteriorating its quality. It is with advent of industries and discharge of effluent in injection well. As a result, pollutant has entered into the aquifer system. Numerical simulations were conducted to estimate nitrogen species concentrations along a flow path during irrigation [1]. Hence periodic assessment of the ground water becomes necessary to ensure the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation. This can be done by formulation of SAR as per Suitability Criteria for Irrigation water is IS 11624:1986. Geographic Information System not only facilitates data capture and processing but also serves as a powerful computational tool that facilitates multi map integrations and helps to prepare water quality mapping [2]. GIS was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate occurrences in the aquifer. Results show that the first quartile of nitrate concentration for the years 1990 and 2000–2004 exceeds the MCL (Almasari 2008). The EC distribution and indices such as, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na%) and Kelley’s Ratio (KR) are used to estimate the sodium concentration against calcium and magnesium. Soluble Sodium Percent (SSP) was calculated with respect to calcium, magnesium. These are important parameters for determining the suitability of groundwater for irrigational use [3]. Considering the above facts, the effect of polluted river water on ground water is focused in present research work. This makes it very necessary to investigate level of concentration of physical, chemical water quality parameter of river and groundwater of selected wells along river basin. Based on the above, the motivation behind the present study was to perform following objectives (a) To analyze eight physical and chemical parameters of the river and GW namely pH, EC, TDS, NO3, Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and SAR
. .
This paper describes the impact of polluted river water on ground water of agricultural area and its suitability for irrigation. In this study seven villages were selected for investigating river and groundwater contamination. Hence 11 river and 54 well water samples were obtained from either side of Kham River. Pollution by TDS, Cl, NO3, Ca, Mg, and Na in 22 river water sample during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period was observed. 6 groundwater sample during pre-monsoon period and 8 well water samples during post-monsoon period have NO3 concentration more than 45 mg/lit as per Indian Irrigation and drinking water standard. The suitability of river and groundwater for irrigation was determined on the basis of chemical indices like Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly’s ratio (KR). IS 11624:1986 and analytical data plotted on US salinity diagram illustrates that, 22 river water samples during pre-monsoon and post monsoon period are having SAR above 26 and EC above 6000 micromhos/ cm. This suggests that river water is unsuitable for irrigation. 6, 13 groundwater samples along left and right bank of Kham river respectively have SAR between 18 to 26 and EC 3000 to 6000 micromhos/cm. Such water when used for irrigation decreases soil solution capacity and irrigated water is not available to plant even though soil appears wet. A statistical correlation was attempted on above mentioned water quality parameter. River and groundwater sample analysis shows increased concentration of sodium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and chloride which indicates the influence of domestic and industrial effluent on river and groundwater hydrochemistry in village Waluj, Patoda, Naigaon, Valdgaon of Aurangabad and Gangapur taluka. This was clarified in Spatial relationship between river water and groundwater.
KeywordsAurangabad; Domestic sewage; Ground water; Ground water contamination; India; Industrial effluent; Kham river; Maharashtra; Quantum geographical information system; River waterIntroductionChemical contamination of river and groundwater is the most serious pollution problems, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas with deficient water resources. Chemical pollutions and waste water pollutions in river and GW are normally unidentified until some disease affects the local population. In the recent years, India has been subjected to pollution attributed to industrial and domestic source of pollutant, owing to unethical practices and poor enforcement of environmental law and regulation. Many aquatic ecosystems are severely threatened by human mediated contamination since several industrial establishments are concentrated near river basin for obvious reasons. Such activities put high hydrological stress on existing groundwater by deteriorating its quality. It is with advent of industries and discharge of effluent in injection well. As a result, pollutant has entered into the aquifer system. Numerical simulations were conducted to estimate nitrogen species concentrations along a flow path during irrigation [1]. Hence periodic assessment of the ground water becomes necessary to ensure the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation. This can be done by formulation of SAR as per Suitability Criteria for Irrigation water is IS 11624:1986. Geographic Information System not only facilitates data capture and processing but also serves as a powerful computational tool that facilitates multi map integrations and helps to prepare water quality mapping [2]. GIS was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate occurrences in the aquifer. Results show that the first quartile of nitrate concentration for the years 1990 and 2000–2004 exceeds the MCL (Almasari 2008). The EC distribution and indices such as, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na%) and Kelley’s Ratio (KR) are used to estimate the sodium concentration against calcium and magnesium. Soluble Sodium Percent (SSP) was calculated with respect to calcium, magnesium. These are important parameters for determining the suitability of groundwater for irrigational use [3]. Considering the above facts, the effect of polluted river water on ground water is focused in present research work. This makes it very necessary to investigate level of concentration of physical, chemical water quality parameter of river and groundwater of selected wells along river basin. Based on the above, the motivation behind the present study was to perform following objectives (a) To analyze eight physical and chemical parameters of the river and GW namely pH, EC, TDS, NO3, Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and SAR
. .
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