on the basis of mode and frequency of eruption explain and classify the types of volcanoes
Answers
Answer:
The inauguration day
Tenth May dawned. It was bright and clear. Many world leaders had been coming to the author to pay respects to him. It was before the inauguration. The inauguration was to be the largest gathering of world leaders there.
The place of inauguration
The inauguration ceremonies took place in a big open building in Pretoria. Here the South Africa’s first democratic non-racial govt, was to be installed.
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The swearing-in ceremony
On that day the author was in the company of his daughter Zenani. Mr. De Klerk was first sworn in as second deputy President. Then Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as first deputy President. It was the author’s turn then. He was sworn in as the President. He pledged to obey and uphold the constitution. He also pledged to devote himself to the well-being of the people.
The author addresses
The author spoke of the newborn liberty. He thanked all the international guests. He said that they had come there to be with his countrymen. It was the common victory for justice, peace and human dignity. He pledged to liberate his people from poverty, suffering and discrimination.
Display by jets and helicopters
After a few moments colourful South African jets and helicopters flew over the Union Buildings there. It was for military’s loyalty to democracy for a new govt. Then the highest military generals having medals on their chests saluted the author. He thought that they would have arrested him many years before.
Singing of the national anthem
The day was symbolised for the author by the playing of two national anthems. The whites sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ and the blacks sang ‘Die Stem’. These formed the old anthems of the republic.
The author’s thoughts
On that day of the inauguration, the author thought of history. In the first decade the South African people had patched up their differences wifti other black-skinned people. They had built a system of superiority also. It was the basis of the harshest societies. This system had now stood overturned. Now it was the system that recognised the rights and freedoms of all people.
The author’s regret
This auspicious day came after the sacrifices of thousands of the people. The author thought of himself the sum of all those people. He was pained that he couldn’t thank them.
Freedom fighters remembered
The policy of apartheid created a lasting wound in his country and his people. This policy had produced great freedom fighters. They were like Oliver Tambos, Walter Sisulus, Chief Luthulis, Yusuf Dadoos etc. They were men of uncommon courage, wisdom and generosity. The country was rich in minerals. But its greatest wealth was its people.
The definition of courage
From these people the author learned the meaning of courage. They risked their lives. They underwent great torture. He learned that courage was not the absence of fear but the victory over it.
Man’s natural goodness
The author says that no one is bom hating another person due to colour or religion. They k could be taught to love. Love comes naturally to the human heart. In prison they were pushed to the wall. But he saw humanity in the hearts of the guards. It was man’s essential goodness. It can’t be put out.
Man’s duties
In life every man has twin duties—to his family, to his community and country. The author found it difficult to fulfil these two duties. It was because a coloured man in South Africa was punished if he lived like a human being. Such a man was forced to live apart from his own people. So he was not allowed to do his duties to his family.
Freedom defined
The author was bom free. He was not bom with a hunger to be free. He was free as long as he obeyed his father and obeyed the customs of his tribe. But soon he realized that his freedom was an illusion. He began to hunger for freedom when it was taken from him. As a student he wanted freedom to read and go. As „ a young man in Johannesburg he wanted freedom to be as per his potential. He also wanted the freedom of livelihood of his own and of family.
Desire for freedom made him bold
But soon he saw that he was also not free like his brothers and sisters. Then he joined the African National Congress. His hunger for freedom became great for the freedom of his people. The desire for the freedom of his people to live with dignity gave him power. It made him bold. It made him live like a monk. The chains on his people became chains for him too.
Oppressor and the oppressed without humanity
The author knew that the oppressor must be liberated like the oppressed. A man who takes away another’s freedom becomes the hated. No one is free if he is taking someone else’s freedom. Both the oppressor and the oppressed ire robbed of humanity
Explanation:
Active Volcanoes
A volcano is a rupture in the earth's surface that allows hot material from the interior, including steam and lava, to escape. A volcano is classified as active if it is currently erupting or is expected to erupt in the near future. Approximately 500 volcanoes on Earth are classified as active, not including volcanoes that are submerged under the oceans. Between 50 and 70 active volcanoes erupt every year. Kilauea, one of the five volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii, has been erupting continuously since 1983. Volcanoes that are not active are classified as either as dormant (may become active) or extinct.
Dormant Volcanoes
Dormant volcanoes can be the most dangerous because eruptions can be as unexpected as they are violent.
A dormant volcano is one that is not currently erupting but has erupted within recordable history and is expected to erupt again in the future. The line between active and dormant volcanoes is sometimes blurred; some volcanoes can remain dormant for thousands of years between eruptions, so technically they are expected to erupt in the future, but it could take many lifetimes before that happens. Mauna Kea, another one of the five volcanoes on the Big Island, last erupted 3,500 years ago but it is expected to erupt again, although there is no prediction as to when that event could take place. Dormant volcanoes are often the most dangerous as people are complacent living within their vicinity and are generally unprepared when an eruption does come. This was the case with Mt. St. Helens in 1980.
Extinct Volcanoes
Molokini Island is an extinct volcano that is almost entirely submerged under the ocean.
Extinct volcanoes are considered dead and are not expected to ever erupt again. Kohala, the oldest volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii, has not erupted in 60,000 years and is not expected to ever become active again. But this classification is not an entirely definitive determination, because many Hawaiian volcanoes have gone through a stage of rejuvenation.
Type Classifications
Strato volcanoes are the most common and most dramatic of volcano types.
Volcanoes can also be classified by type. The structure and composition determine a volcano’s type. Shield volcanoes are low, dome-shaped mountains shaped by lava that flows easily and covers a large area. Cinder cone volcanoes are the simplest form; they erupt from a single vent and usually have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. Composite, or strato, volcanoes are the most common type; they are tall mountains with steep sides, having alternating internal layers of rock and magma.
Eruption Classification
Explosive eruptions can be deadly.
Two basic classifications of volcanoes are based upon the type of eruption they produce: explosive (or central) and quiet (or fissure). Explosive eruptions are caused by the buildup of gasses under highly viscous (thick and slow-flowing) magma trapped deep within the volcano. Eruptions are rapid and violent, often spewing lava, ash and volcanic material high into the air. Quiet eruptions usually emit great volumes of lava along a long fissure or fracture. Lavas typically have low viscosities so the gases are not prevented from readily escaping.
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