Question

orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reactions

Answer 1

Explanation:

Orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reactions will be:

• If the group present on the benzene ring is electron-donating group than the incoming electro-phile will attack on the para and ortho position of the mono substituted benzene ring. This is because the electrons donated by electron-donating group are in conjugation with the benzene ring which will generate negative charge on ortho and para positions of the mono-substituted benzene ring. as shown in the image attached

• If the group present on the benzene ring is electron-withdrawing group than the incoming electro-phile will attack on the meta position of the mono substituted benzene ring. This is because the electrons withdrawing group will withdraw the electron density of the ring by  which positive charge will be on ortho and para positions on the mono-substituted benzene ring. Since, the ortho and para positions are electron deficient only meta position will be rich in electron density. Hence, electrophile will attack on meta position of the mono-substituted benzene ring. As shown in the image attached.