Question

Out of benzene and toluene, which will undergo alkylation to
why?

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Answer 1

The hydroxyl group in phenol, with an O atom carrying 2 lone pairs of electrons, is a much stronger activating group than the methyl group in toluene. Since the Fridel-Crafts alkylation in the benzene ring is an elecrophilic substitution, phenol should undergo this reaction more easily than toluene.

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Answer 2

both toluene and benzene will under go alkylation

when benzene under it form aroalkane