outbreak of French Revolution
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French Revolution
The Outbreak of the Revolution
In order to pass the proposal to raise taxes Louis XVI called an assembly of the Estates General. On 5 May 1789, 300 representatives from each of the first and second estate and 600 from the third estate, a total 1200 representatives, gathered in a splendid hall for the assembly. Representatives of first and second estates were seated in two rows while representatives of third estate had to stand at the back. Representatives of third estate were educated and more prosperous and they believed to represent the whole people of France. Peasants and labours were not allowed in that assembly; however about 40000 letters regarding their grievances were carried by representatives of third estate.
According to principle of the monarch each estate had one vote. Louis XVI wanted to apply the same practice this time also. But representatives of third estate did not agree on this, they wanted voting assembly as a whole and wanted each of the representatives to have only one vote. Louis XVI rejected this new proposal. As a result, all the representatives of the third estate walked out of the assembly in protest.
On 20th of the June they gathered in an indoor tennis court in Versailles, where they declared them as National Assembly and took an oath not to disburse till the new drafting of a constitution of France under the leadership of Merabeau and Abbe Sieyes. Merabeau belonged to noble family and Abbe Sieyes was a priest to the church. Inspite of that they believed in the need of a privilege free society. There, they delivered powerful speeches regarding the need of new constitution and equal opportunity to all.
That very year harvest was badly affected because of severe winter. This increased the price of bread. Hoarding of supply by bakers made the situation more critical. One day after long hours in queues, anger broken into women and they stormed the bakery. At the same time troops moved to Paris to suppress the turmoil. In retaliation, crowd destroyed the Bastille.
A rumor spread that an order had been given to troops to destroy the crops. Because of fear, peasants attacked the chateaux and looted the hoarded grains. Records of manorial dues were sat on fire. Many people were killed in this agitation. Many noblemen and clergy fled to neighbouring countries to save their life.
King Louis XVI finally surrendered against agitation and accepted the recognition of National Assembly and agreed that his power would be checked by constitution. On the 4th of the August 1789 the feudal system of obligations, taxes, privileges to the nobility and clergy were abolished and lands owned by churches were confiscated. This gave an asset of worth about 2 billion livres to the government.
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