Question

oxidation state of carbon in ethanol

Answer 1

At carbon is -2. (All H's are +1, the O is -2). For ethanol the number of valence electrons, after redistribution, at C-1 is 5 (two from each C-H bond and one from the C-C bond) so the O.S. is -1. The O.S.

Answer 2

So unlike metals, which are almost always in a positive oxidation state, the oxidation state of carbon can vary widely, from -4 (in CH4) to +4(such as in CO2). Here are some examples. (Don't forget that this is called a “formalism” for a reason. The charge on the carbon isn't really +4 or –4.

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