oxidation state of phenol
Answers
Thin layer chromatography was used to monitor the progress of reaction. TLC was effective formonitoring the reaction because the products were non-volatile and UV active. The TLC (90%dichloromethane/ 10% hexanes) was spotted every 20 minutes to monitor the progress of the reaction inwhich, Lane 1 was phenol standard, Lane 2 was co-spot (phenol standard + reaction mixture), and Lane3 was the reaction mixture. A co-spot was observed to determine the identity of the starting material andproduct based on close Rf values.Ortho is significantly nonpolar because it forms intramolecularhydrogen bonding and therefore travels farther than para product. Para is more polar than 1,4-benzoquinone because it can form hydrogen bonding, therefore travels less far and slow on TLC. Thereaction mixture turned golden-yellow as it progressed and reached 100% completion at a 40-minutemark. TLC plate at 20 minutes showed the partial nitration of phenol into para, 1,4-benzoquinone,phenol, and ortho as evidenced by the Rf values of 0.69,0.31,0.23, and 0.10, respectively. The spots inLane 3 were of equal intensity, which indicated that the reaction reached ~50% completion. TLC plate at40 minutes showed the complete conversion of phenol into para, 1,4-benzoquinone, and ortho with theRf value of 0.63,0.32, and 0.11, respectively. The reaction was progressing because the spot intensitiesfor product in Lane 3 were darker at 40 minutes as compared to the spots from 20 minutes
Oxidation state of phenol is 0.2
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