प्लाज्मिड क्या है और यह कितने प्रकार के होते हैं
Answers
Answer:
एक प्लाज्मिड एक सेल के भीतर एक छोटा डीएनए अणु है जो भौतिक रूप से गुणसूत्र डीएनए से अलग होता है और स्वतंत्र रूप से दोहरा सकता है। वे आमतौर पर बैक्टीरिया में छोटे गोलाकार, डबल फंसे डीएनए अणुओं के रूप में पाए जाते हैं; हालांकि, प्लास्मिड्स कभी-कभी पुरातात्विक और यूकेरियोटिक जीवों में मौजूद होते हैं।
Answer:
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Explanation:
Definition of Plasmids:
In addition to bacterial chromosome (nucleoid), bacterial cells normally contain genetic elements in their cytoplasm. These genetic elements exist and replicate separately from the chromosome and are called plasmids. The very existence of plasmids in bacterial cytoplasm was revealed by Lederberg in 1952 while working on conjugation process in bacteria.
Lederberg coined the term ‘plasmid’ to refer to the transmissible genetic elements that were transferred from one bacterial cell to another and determined the maleness in bacteria.
Literally, thousands of plasmids are now known; over 300 different naturally occurring plasmids have been isolated from strains of Escherichia coli alone. Besides naturally occurring plasmids, many artificially modified plasmids have been developed and used as vectors in the process of gene cloning (genetic engineering).
Types of Plasmids:
Various types of plasmids naturally occur in bacterial cells, and the most favoured classification of such plasmids is based on their main functions encoded by their own genes.
Following are the main type of plasmids recognised on the basis of above mentioned characteristic feature:
1. F-plasmid (or F-factor)
2.R-plasmids
3. Virulence-plasmids
4. Col-plasmids
5. Metabolic plasmids