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Home appliance, also called Household Appliance, any of numerous and varied electric, electromechanical, or gas-powered devices introduced mainly in the 20th century to save labour and time in the household. Collectively, their effect on industrial society has been to eliminate the drudgery and drastically reduce the time long associated with housekeeping and homemaking. Home appliances have had little or no effect outside the world’s urban communities, but within these communities they have had a profound, even revolutionary, impact in social and economic terms. These devices have, for example, facilitated the establishment of single-person households; in two-parent families, they have enabled both parents to enter the labour market and have otherwise freed large amounts of time and energy that homemakers formerly devoted to preparing food and to laundering, house cleaning, and general housework. Hence, a further result has been the greatly diminished employment of persons engaged in domestic service. The trend toward using automatic and powered household implements to ease basic housekeeping chores, once established, soon extended into such additional fields as personal hygiene and grooming.
Automatic refrigerators, thermostatically controlled and operating either on electric power or on gas, became popular in the 1930s. With this, the householder’s obligation to remain at home to greet the iceman every day vanished, ending a reliance on manually recharged ice boxes that went back at least 3,000 years to the Chinese practice of storing ice in caves to preserve foods. The new age and the development of quick-frozen foods quickly led to home use of combination refrigerator-freezers that could maintain freezer-compartment temperatures as cold as 15° F (-9° C)—cold enough to keep quick-frozen foods for weeks or months. This led, in turn, to the separate chest-type freezer that often could maintain temperatures as low as 0° F (-18° C) and that could safely quick-freeze properly treated fresh foods for frozen storage. Upright, cabinet-style freezers followed, and by 1937 home freezers had become an important element in the marketplace.
Virtually as soon as fractional-horsepower electric motors were developed, they were used to power such utensils as kitchen meat grinders and eggbeaters, leading to electric cake mixers, blenders, and, by the 1970s, to food processors versatile enough to knead dough, puree or liquefy vegetables, grate cheese, chop nuts or salad greens, grind meat, beat eggs, and perform many other culinary chores. Electric can openers, some of which came with knife-and scissor-sharpening capabilities, replaced manual can openers in many homes. An electric motor now turned the formerly hand-powered ice cream freezer. Reciprocating electric knives or rotary-bladed slicers could subtract tedium from the undemanding chores of slicing bread or meat. Food wastes could be chopped into mush and washed down kitchen drains by automatic waste disposers, and solid refuse could be compressed to a fraction of its volume and baled in trash compactors. Automatic electric dishwashers could be programmed by push button to follow any desired cycle to wash, rinse, and dry a large load of dishes, with or without pre-soaking
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