paragraph on population pyramid of india of 2020
Answers
A population pyramid is a graphical representation of the age and sex composition of a specific population.
It consists of two histograms, one for each gender (by convention, men on the left and women on the right) where the numbers are shown horizontally and the ages vertically.
The numbers by gender and by age depend on interactions between fertility, mortality and migrations.
The shape of the pyramid and its variations over the years depend, above all, on the variations in fertility.
The pyramid can also assume a columnar shape (with vertical sides rather than sloped sides), or have an irregular profile. India’s pyramid is bottom heavy i.e. the Indian population has a larger proportion of children, teenagers and young adults compared to China’s.
Population Distribution
India
The country’s population for the age cohorts of 0-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 is roughly equal, whereas the numbers for older groups become progressively smaller.
This means that the country’s younger age groups have stopped growing in numbers now and are likely to shrink slightly soon.
This, however, does not mean that India’s population will also start shrinking soon.
Except for the oldest groups, India seems to have more males than females for every cohort.
China
The country’s largest cohort is in its late 40s, although it is more gender balanced than its younger cohorts, suggesting that sex-selective abortions are likely to have taken off in the last few decades.
Working Age Population
In 25-65 age group, India currently has around 650 million people and China 830 million.
By 2040, India is likely to reach 900 million, whereas China will have around 730 million.
In other words, India will go from having 180 million less working-age people than China today to about 170 million more—a net gain of a third of a billion in 20 years.
Way Forward
Just having people in the working age is not enough. How many are in the labour force and their productivity are important. The government needs to focus on the same.
India needs to invest more, and efficiently, in human capital and infrastructure.
For the former, investments in health and sanitation have to be sustained and more Public Private Partnership (PPP) models are required to ensure basic education.
For the latter, a bigger push for affordable rental housing in cities has to be considered, along with more investments in rail connectivity.
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