paragraph writing: The effects of smoking. with 150-200 words
Answers
HAZARDS OF SMOKING :-
Smoking is actually a silent killer of life. It is also a drain on the limited income of yours. Many of us say that we feel relived of worries when we smoke. But it our own whim. Smoking does more harm. It doesn't give any sort of freedom from anxiety. The nicotine is a poison and is dangerous to various vital organs like heart, kidney, liver and lungs. It is actually a slow poison and kills a smoker slowly. They say that smoking a cigarette shortens one's life by four minutes. So smoking means shortening one's life knowingly.
You'll agree that smoking also affects the non-smokers. So a person who smokes is affecting the health of other persons who are near him. Smoking causes a deadly disease like cancer. There is a statutory warning on the cigarette packets that smoking is injurious to health. But it is of no importance as the smokers feel a bit terrified to read this. The next moment they forget it and smoke. The government has taken a right decision now in banning smoking at public places. We all can guide our smoking youth not to smoke but give it up at once. In taking care of our health we shall be rendering a greater help to the national cause to ensure good health to all .
It may help you
please mark as brainiest
Answer:
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of smoking on the clinical response to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. 74 adult subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis were treated according to a split‐mouth design involving the following treatment modalities: coronal scaling, root planing, modified Widman surgery, and flap with osseous resectional surgery. Clinical parameters assessed included probing depth, probing attachment level, horizontal attachment level in furcation sites, recession, presence of supragingival plaque and bleeding on probing. Data were collected: initially, 4 weeks following phase‐I therapy, 10 weeks following phase‐II therapy and on a yearly basis during 6 years of maintenance care. Data analysis demonstrated that smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth and less gain of probing attachment level when compared to non‐smokers immediately following active therapy and during each of the 6 years of maintenance (p< 0.05). A greater loss of horizontal attachment level was evident in smokers at each yearly exam during maintenance therapy (p < 0.05). There were no differences between groups in recession changes. In general, these findings were true for the outcomes following all 4 modalities of therapy and were most pronounced in the deepest probing depth category (≥ 7 mm). Statistical analysis showed a tendency for smokers to have slightly more supragingival plaque and bleeding on probing. In summary, smokers responded less favorably than non‐smokers to periodontal therapy which included 3‐month maintenance follow‐up.
Explanation:
OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the degree to which rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity is associated with smoking; (2) to determine the quantitative effect of smoking and smoking length on the concentration of RF in all patients, and, in the seropositive patients separately, determining if a "dose-response" effect exists; (3) to investigate these relationships in men and women to clarify whether the effect of smoking is similar in both sexes; (4) to determine the effect of smoking, controlling for RF, on a variety of measures of disease status, severity, and activity. METHODS: Six hundred ten consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen for routine clinical care provided information on their smoking history. All underwent a complete joint examination, completed a series of health status questionnaires, provided information concerning pulmonary illnesses, underwent determinations for RF and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and had hand radiographs. RESULTS: RF concentration was linearly related to the number of years smoked. This association was present in both sexes, but was stronger in men. Smoking was similarly related to rheumatoid nodule formation. A nonlinear relationship was found between smoking and radiographic abnormalities as determined by the Larsen method, even controlling for RF. Similarly, pulmonary illness was independently related to smoking and RF. No effect of smoking was seen on disease process variables such as ESR, pain, joint count, global severity, or functional ability. CONCLUSION: Quantitative relationships exist between smoking extent and RF positivity, RF concentration, nodule formation, radiographic progression, and pulmonary disease. These 3 latter effects are independent of RF positivity or concentration. Smoking does not contribute to alterations in disease activity measures, but appears to play a role in overall severity of disease.