Question

personal response on refraction of light

Answer 1

refraction due travelling of light from one medium to another i.e. from rarer to denser medium for eg. air to water this is the reason floor of swimming pool look like elavted

Answer 2

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave caused by a change in wave speed.An interface is the boundary between two different media…or two regions of a medium with different characteristics such as…density (which is often related to temperature)concentration of solute (salinity, for example)mechanical stressIn geometric optics, when an incident ray meets an interface it will be partiallyreflectedReflected rays obey the law of reflection described in a previous section of this book.Materials that reflect a significant portion of incident light appear shiny or lustrous.transmittedTransmitted rays obey Snell's law of refraction, which is described in this section of this book.Materials that transmit a significant portion of incident light appear clear or transparent.Materials that do not transmit any incident light are said to be opaque.absorbedThe energy of absorbed rays is not destroyed, but changes form.Materials that absorb a significant portion of incident light appear dark.Angles are measured with respect to the line normal to the surface.The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal.The angle of reflection is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal.The angle of refraction is the angle between the transmitted ray and the normal.Refraction is described mathematically by Snell's law.

n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2

wheren1 n2 = indexes of refraction of the two mediaθ1 θ2 = angles between the ray and the line normal to the surface in the two mediaSnell's law describes the path of least action between two points in different mediaThe index of refraction…is a property of a mediumis a measure of the "slowness" of a waveis defined mathematically by the formulan = cvwheren = index of refractionc = speed of light in a vacuumv = speed of light in a mediumis always greater than 1 (since the speed of light in a medium is always slower than the speed of light in a vacuum)has no units (since it is the ratio of two speeds)Generally increases with the density of the medium (and is sometimes referred to informally as the optical density)Total internal reflection occurs whenSnell's law has no real solutionlight travels from a "slow medium" to a "fast medium" (n1 > n2)the incident angle is greater than the critical anglesin θc = n2n1The critical angle is the incident angle that corresponds to a refracted angle of 90° (that is, the transmitted ray travels parallel to the interface)Dispersionthe speed of light in a medium (and thus the index of refraction) is a function of frequency and mediumBirefringence