petroch
micals)
PETROCHEMICALS
Many useful chemicals (or substances) are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. Those chemicals
which are obtained from petroleum and natural gas are called petrochemicals. Some examples of
petrochemicals are: methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene, benzene,
toluene, vinyl chloride and hydrogen. Petrochemicals are very important because they are used to
manufacture a wide range of useful materials such as : Detergents, Synthetic fibres (like Polyester, Nylon,
Acrylic, etc.), Plastics (such as Polythene, Polyvinyl chloride, Bakelite, etc.), Synthetic rubber, Drugs, Dyes,
Perfumes, Fertilisers, Insecticides and Explosives, etc. Hydrogen gas is obtained as a petrochemical from
natural gas. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas is used in the manufacture of fertilisers (such as
ammonium nitrate and urea). Thus, petroleum is not only a source of fuels but also provides raw materials
(in the form of petrochemicals) to manufacture a large number of useful substances. Due to its great
commercial importance, petroleum is also called "black gold".
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