phenol to cyanobenzene
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Answer:
A solution of benzenediazonium chloride is prepared by dissolving 20 ml (or 20.5 g) aniline in a mixture of 50 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50 ml of water. The obtained aniline hydrochloride solution is cooled to 5° C, and then cautiously a solution of 17 g of sodium nitrite dissolved in 40 ml of water is added dropwise. During the diazotization the temperature is maintained between 5° C and 10° C. Then, while the benzenediazonium chloride solution is standing in ice-water, 55 g of powdered copper sulfate are dissolved in 200 ml of water and placed in 2000 ml distillation flask, for which a steam-distillation fitting is available for subsequent use. The copper solution is gently warmed to 60-65° C and cautiously a solution of 60 g of powdered potassium cyanide dissolved in 100 ml of water is added. The mixture is stirred or shaken during the addition to facilitate the evolution of the cyanogen until a clear pale-brown solution of potassium cupro-cyanide is obtained.