photoperiod affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals. explain
Answers
Explanation:
In animals photoperiod affects the seasonal breeder through changes in melatonin secretion by the pineal gland. Animals generally reproduce during spring and summer to take advantage of the warmer temperatures.
Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year. These times of year allow for the optimization of survival of young due to factors such as ambient temperature, food and water availability, and changes in the predation behaviors of other species.
Photoperiodism affect plant growth
Other than flowering, photoperiodism in plants includes the growth of stems or roots during certain seasons and the loss of leaves. Artificial lighting can be used to induce extra-long days.
Plants photoperiod directly affects flowering by regulating the secretion of florigen and vernalin.
Examples of the same include horse, Donkey and sheep, goat. The mentioned species of animals can also be further categorized as long day and short day breeders. The other category of seasonal breeders includes Monoestrus animals which have only one estrus cycle during the breeding season.
Photoperiod has an impact on reproduction in animals and plants that breed seasonally.
- Through variations in the pineal gland's release of melatonin, photoperiod has an impact on the seasonal cycle in animals.
- Melatonin, which is only secreted at night and so communicates the duration of the day to the body, regulates the reproductive axis.
- Additionally, photoperiod has an impact on testis size, which ultimately results in gonad regression. For the most part, animals give birth in the spring and summer when the weather is warmer.
- By controlling the secretion of vernalin and florigen, photoperiod has a direct impact on flowering in plants.
- In reaction to the relative lengths of day and night, plants bloom. When pollinators are busy and aid in pollen transmission, plants produce pollen.