Question

〰physical properties of metals and non-metals❓
〰 chemical properties of metals and non-metals❓
〰 define them❓
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Answer 1

Answer:

Metals

Most elements are metals. This includes the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. On the periodic table, metals are separated from nonmetals by a zig-zag line stepping through carbon, phosphorus, selenium, iodine, and radon. These elements and those to the right of them are nonmetals. Elements just to the left of the line may be termed metalloids or semimetals and have properties intermediate between those of the metals and nonmetals. The physical and chemical properties of the metals and nonmetals may be used to tell them apart.

Metal Physical Properties:

Lustrous (shiny)

Good conductors of heat and electricity

High melting point

High density (heavy for their size)

Malleable (can be hammered)

Ductile (can be drawn into wires)

Usually solid at room temperature (an exception is mercury)

Opaque as a thin sheet (can't see through metals)

Metals are sonorous or make a bell-like sound when struck

Metal Chemical Properties:

Have 1-3 electrons in the outer shell of each metal atom and lose electrons readily

Corrode easily (e.g., damaged by oxidation such as tarnish or rust)

Lose electrons easily

Form oxides that are basic

Fave lower electronegativities

Are good reducing agents

Metal: copper (left); metalloid: arsenic (center); and non-metal: sulfur (right).

Metal: copper (left); metalloid: arsenic (center); and non-metal: sulfur (right). Matt Meadows, Getty Images

Nonmetals

Nonmetals, with the exception of hydrogen, are located on the right side of the periodic table. Elements that are nonmetals are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, all of the halogens, and the noble gases.

Nonmetal Physical Properties:

Not lustrous (dull appearance)

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Nonductile solids

Brittle solids

May be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature

Transparent as a thin sheet

Nonmetals are not sonorous

Nonmetal Chemical Properties:

Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell

Readily gain or share valence electrons

Form oxides that are acidic

Answer 2

Answer:

The following are the physical properties of metal :

The physical properties make them useful for many purposes. For e.g. Copper is used in making electric wires, gold is used to make jewellery, stainless steel is used to make pots, pans, etc

Metals react with nonmetals to form ionic bonds. For e.g. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Metals are a good conductor of electricity which means that they can conduct electricity due to the free moving electrons present in them. Copper is used as wiring as it is a good conductor of electricity.

Metals have high melting points and high boiling points as they have strong metallic bonds.

All metals are physically lustrous. They have a lustre that makes them shine. Gold is used for making jewellery.

Metals are hard, they can’t be broken easily and require a lot of energy and strength to break. Iron is used to make cars, buildings, ships, etc.

Metals weigh a lot as they have a high density. Metals are heavy for their size.

They don’t have flexibility and have tensile strength. Metals can’t be stretched.

Metals are great conductors of heat. That’s why pots, pans, vessels are made of metals.

The following are the properties of Nonmetals :

Nonmetals have high ionization energies.

They have high electronegativities.

Nonmetals are insulators which means that they’re poor conductors of electricity.

They are dull, they do not have lustre like metals.

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat. They’re poor thermal conductors.

They are very weak and brittle. They tend to easily break or shatter.

Nonmetals have a low density. They’re light for their size.

They aren’t good conductors of sound and do not make sounds when they are hit.

They tend to gain electrons easily.

Nonmetals maybe solid, liquids or gaseous.

Nonmetals form acidic oxides.

They’re good oxidizing agents.

Generally, Nonmetals have four to eight electrons in the outer shell.

Chemical Properties of Metals

The density of metals is usually high.

Metals are malleable and ductile.

Metals form an alloy with other metals or non – metals.

Some metals react with air and corrode. For e.g. Iron.

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is an exception.

Generally, metals are in a solid state at room temperature. Except for Mercury. Mercury is in a liquid state.

Many metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air. Highly reactive metals react violently when they’re burnt in oxygen.

Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds. They’re highly reactive metals.

Less reactive metals like gold, silver, platinum, etc do not tarnish easily. They stay shiny and lustrous.

Metals produce metal oxide and hydrogen gas while reacting with water.

Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water and create metal hydroxide.

Not all metals react with water. However, highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium react with water violently and an exothermic reaction takes places where the hydrogen immediately catches fire.

Salt and hydrogen are produced when a metal reacts with an acid.

Generally, a metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite and Gas carbon are exceptions.

Unlike metals, nonmetals aren’t malleable and ductile.

Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals.

Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature.

Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.

White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.

Usually, nonmetals do not react with water. Except for Chlorine, chlorine dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

Nonmetals have a low density.

They do not form alloys. However, nonmetals like carbon, silicon and phosphorous.

Nonmetals exist in all states of matter at room temperature.

Different nonmetals have different reactions.

Chlorine is the most reactive metal in the halogen family i.e. Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Fluorine (F). The reactivity order of the halogen family is Cl > Br > I.

Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) can displace Bromine (Br) and Iodine (I) from solutions of bromides (NaBr) and Iodides (NaI).

Ionic solids are formed when nonmetals with high electronegativity react with alkali and alkaline earth metals.

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