Chemistry, asked by palakkeshri, 1 year ago

physical property and chemical property of ethanol and ethanoic acid ​

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Answered by chavan1234
6

Chemical and Physical Properties of the Ethanol Molecule

The chemical compound ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is the bio-alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. When non-chemists refer to "alcohol", they almost always mean ethanol. It is also increasingly being used as a fuel (usually replacing or complementing gasoline). Ethanol's chemical formula is C2H5OH.

Properties

Pure ethanol is a flammable, colorless liquid with a boiling point of 78.5° C. Its low melting point of -114.5° C allows it to be used in antifreeze products. It has a pleasant odor reminiscent of whiskey. Its density is 789 g/l about 20% less than that of water. It is easily soluble in water and is itself a good solvent, used in perfumes, paints and tinctures. Alcoholic drinks have a large variety of tastes, since various flavor compounds are dissolved during brewing. >A solution of 70-85% of ethanol is commonly used as a disinfectant; it kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids: it is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses, but is ineffective against bacterial spores. This disinfectant property of ethanol is the reason that alcoholic beverages can be stored for a long time.

Ethanol can lose a proton from the hydroxyl group and is a very weak acid, weaker than water. The CAS number of ethanol is 64-17-5 and its UN number is UN 1170.

Ethanol as fuel

Ethanol is flammable and burns more cleanly than many other fuels. When fully combusted its combustion products are only carbon dioxide and water. For this reason, it is favoured for environmentally conscious transport schemes and has been used to fuel public buses. However, pure ethanol attacks certain rubber and plastic materials and cannot be used in unmodified car engines. Additionally, ethanol has a much higher octane rating than ordinary gasoline, requiring changes to the spark timing in engines.

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Answered by nain31
29

✨✨ஜ۩۞۩ஜ[ ANSWER ]ஜ۩۞۩ஜ✨✨

✴✴✴◼✳✳ETHANOL✳✳◼✴✴✴

⚫Physical properties

✴ɪɴғʟᴀᴍᴍᴀʙʟᴇ ᴠᴏʟᴀᴛɪʟᴇ ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ .

✳ᴛᴏxɪᴄ ɪɴ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴇᴠᴇɴ ᴀ sᴍᴀʟʟ ᴅᴏsᴇ ᴄᴀɴ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ʙʟɪɴᴅɴᴇss ᴏʀ ᴅᴇᴀᴛʜ. 

✳ᴄᴏʟᴏᴜʀʟᴇss ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs ᴘʟᴇᴀsᴀɴᴛ ᴏᴅᴏᴜʀ. 

✳sᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ sᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴀʟᴍᴏsᴛ ᴀʟʟ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴄ sᴏʟᴠᴇɴᴛ. ɪᴛ ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴏɪʟs  ,ғᴀᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇsɪɴs ᴀɴᴅ sᴏᴍᴇ ɪɴᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴄ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ʟɪᴋᴇ sᴜʟᴘʜᴜʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʜᴏsᴘʜᴏʀᴜs. 

✳ᴅᴇɴsɪᴛʏ =0.786 ᴀᴛ 20 ᴅᴇɢʀᴇᴇs. 

✳ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ =78.1ᴅᴇɢʀᴇss.

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⚫ᴄʜᴇᴍɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀᴛɪᴇs 

ᴀ) ᴄᴏᴍʙᴜsᴛɪᴏɴ 

▶ʙᴜʀɴs ɪɴ ᴀɪʀ ᴏʀ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ʙʟᴜᴇ ғʟᴀᴍᴇ ғᴏʀᴍɪɴɢ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴᴅɪᴏxɪᴅᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ. 

➡C2ʜ5ᴏʜ +3ᴏ2 ➡ 2ᴄᴏ3+ 3ʜ2ᴏ

ʙ) ᴏxɪᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ 

▶ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴏxɪᴅɪsɪɴɢ ᴀɢᴇɴᴛs ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴀᴄɪᴅɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴋ2ᴄʀ2ᴏ7 ᴏʀ ᴀᴛ.  ᴋᴍɴᴏ4 ᴡʜɪᴄʜ sᴜᴘᴘʟʏ ɴᴀsᴄᴇɴᴛ [ᴏ] ғᴏʀ ᴏxɪᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ʜɪɢʜ ᴘʀᴇssᴜʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴡ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. 

ᴀʟᴄᴏʜᴏʟ ➡ᴀʟᴅᴇʜʏᴅᴇ ➡ᴀᴄɪᴅ

([O] by K2Cr3O7)

C2H5OH ➡CH3CHO ➡ CH3COOH.

(ethanol)......(aldehyde)..... (acetic acid)

C) ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ 

▶ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ sᴏᴅɪᴜᴍ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ᴀᴛ ʀᴏᴏᴍ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇғғᴇʀᴠᴇsᴄᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ. 

2C2H5OH + 2Na ➡2C2H5ONa........+ H2.

(ethanol)................(sodium ethoxide)

⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪⚫⚪

✴✴✴◼✳✳ETHANOIC ACID(ACETIC ACID) ✳✳◼✴✴✴

⚫PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

✳ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ɪs ᴄᴏʟᴏᴜʀʟᴇss ᴀᴛ ʀᴏᴏᴍ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. 

✳ᴘᴜɴɢᴇɴᴛ ᴏᴅᴏᴜʀ ᴏғ ᴠɪɴᴇɢᴀʀ. 

✳ᴍɪsᴄɪʙʟᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ, ᴀʟᴄᴏʜᴏʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴛʜᴇʀ. 

✳ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ =118 degrees.

✳ᴘᴜʀᴇ ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ғᴏʀᴍs ᴀɴ ɪᴄᴇ ʟɪᴋᴇ sᴏʟɪᴅ ᴏɴ ᴄᴏᴏʟɪɴɢ (ɢʟᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ) 

✳ᴀɴʜʏᴅʀᴏᴜs ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ᴏɴ ᴄᴏᴏʟɪɴɢ ʙᴇʟᴏᴡ 16.5degrees ᴄʀʏsᴛᴀʟʟɪsᴇᴅ ᴏᴜᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴜʀᴇ ғᴏʀᴍ ғᴏʀᴍɪɴɢ  ᴀ ᴄʀʏsᴛᴀʟʟɪɴᴇ ᴍᴀss ʀᴇsᴇᴍʙʟɪɴɢ ɪᴄᴇ .ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ ɪs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ɢʟᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ. 

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⚫CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ᴀ)-ᴀᴄɪᴅɪᴄ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ

▶ᴛᴜʀɴs ᴍᴏɪsᴛ ʙʟᴜᴇ ʟɪᴛᴍᴜs ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ ʀᴇᴅ .

▶ᴄᴀʀʀɪᴇs ᴏᴜᴛ ɴᴇᴜᴛʀᴀʟɪsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀʟᴋᴀʟɪs.

CH3COOH +NaOH ➡ CH3COONa + H2O.

▶ᴡʜᴇɴ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟ ɢɪᴠᴇs ᴏᴜᴛ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ. 

2CH3COOH + 2Na ➡ 2CH3COONa + H2.

B) -REACTION WITH ALCOHOL

▶ᴀᴄᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ᴏɴ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀɴ ᴀʟᴄᴏʜᴏʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ᴅᴇʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴀɢᴇɴᴛ (ᴄᴏɴᴄ. ʜ2sᴏ4)  ɢɪᴠᴇs ᴀ ғʀᴜɪᴛʏ sᴍᴇʟʟɪɴɢ ᴇsᴛᴇʀ ᴏʀ ᴇᴛʜʏʟ ᴀᴄᴇᴛᴀᴛᴇ. ɪᴛ's ᴀ ʀᴇᴠᴇʀsɪʙʟᴇ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ. 

...............(conc. H2SO4)..............

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ➡CH3COOC2H5 +H2O

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