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4-Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state
e.g.-Dry ice,ammonium chloride, camphor, naphthalene and anthracene
5-The freezing point of water is 32°F, 0°C.
6-The heat of fusion, also known as the latent heat of fusion, is a category of latent heat describing the energy for the phase change between a liquid and a solid to occur without a change in temperature. ... Latent heat is the heat per mass unit required for a phase change to occur
7-Latent heat of vaporization is a physical property of a substance. It is defined as the heat required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure. It is expressed as kg/mol or kJ/kg. ... The heat of vaporization of water is about 2,260 kJ/kg, which is equal to 40.8 kJ/mol
8-Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle.
Condensation of gas in laboratories are carried out using condensers. ... In simple condensers, vapour formed as a result of boiling is cooled by outside air, converting it back to its liquid form.
10)(i)-They possess the kinetic energy. As the temperature rises, particles move faster. Thus, particles that carry smell of hot sizzling food move faster than the smell of the cold food. Therefore, the smell of hot sizzling food can reach us several metres away, but to get smell from a cold food you have to go close.
(ii)-Camphor disappears after some time as its surface gains kinetic energy and directly gets converted into gas. The process of converting directly into gaseous form and not in a liquid state is termed as sublimation. Hence, when camphor is given fire, it gets converted into gas and disappears, without leaving any residue
(iii)-The molecules are continually colliding with each other and with the walls of the container. When a molecule collides with the wall, they exert small force on the wall The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the sum of all these collision forces. The more particles that hit the walls, the higher the pressure
(iv)-Sponge is compressible because it is having minute pores in which air is trapped . on presssing the air is expelled. it is still considered as a solid because it has a definite volume and shape does not changes unlesss compressed.
(v)-The heat is used to break the bonds between the ice molecules as they turn into a liquid phase. Since the average kinetic energy of the molecules does not change at the moment of melting, the temperature of the molecules does not change.