Question

please answer all this questions if im satisfied ill mark it as brainliest

Answer 1

Q.1
Ans.a) Carban occurs in both combinae and free state .
In a free state,carbon occurs as diamond, graphite ,coal, Coke, etc.In a combined state ,carbon occurs in a large variety for example cellulose, carbohydrates, fats ,proteins, carbonates as CaCO3,vegetable oil carbon dioxide, Methane ,CNG, LPG etc.

b)allotropy
some elements exist in more than one form in a physical state. this property of an element is called allotropy ,and each form of the element is called as of the element .all the allotropes of an element have similar chemical properties but they have different physical properties .

crystalline form -
in crystalline form the carbon atoms are arranged in a systematic way example Diamond graphite and Fullerenesare crystalline forms of carbon .

non crystalline or amorphous form -
in amorphous form the carbon atoms are not arranged in any systematic manner that is they are arranged haphazardly .coal, coke, lampblack and charcoal are non crystalline or amorphous form of carbon.

c)diamond -
structure of diamond :Diamond each carbon atom is joint to four other carbon atoms by strong bonds. the four carbon atom lie at the four corners of Teterahedron.this tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atom results in a rigid ,three dimensional structure of diamond .

physical properties -
•diamond is the hardest natural occurring substance

•it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

•it has a very high melting point

•it is clear ,transparent and its sparkles and light

•it has a very high density as the carbon atoms are very tightly packed

•carbon has a very high density .

chemical properties -
•diamond is highly poisonous

•Diamond has a very high refractive index

•due to strong bones it has high melting point and high density

•it has no free electron to conduct electricity so it is a non conductor of electricity

occurrence :in India ,diamonds are found in mines located at Panna, Golconda, Guntur, Krishna etc.South Africa is the largest producer of diamond in the world .Diamond deposits are found in Brazil ,Tanzania ,Congo and Angola .

uses of diamond :

•as a tool for cutting glass and drilling rocks

•in making high Precision thermometer

•in making jewellery

•buy a surgeons to remove cataract from eyes with high precision

graphite -
in graphite carbon atoms are arranged in parallel layers which can easily slide over each other .
in each layer carbon atoms are arranged in hexagons .within each layer each carbon atom atom is joint to three other carbon atoms very strongly .carbon atoms bounded two adjacent layers are held throughout By weak forces. That is why the different layers can slide over each other .

occurrence :
it occurs in a free state ,
the most stable state of graphite is under standard conditions.

physical properties of Graphite -

•graphite is a soft, Opaque and slippery .

•it is greyblack in colour

•it is lustrous

•graphite has lower density than diamond

•it is a good conductor of electricity and heat

chemical properties -

•each layer of graphite can slide over each other

•please layers are held by weak forces .

•it has free electrons to conduct electricity

uses of Graphite-

graphite is used as pencil lead

graphite is used for making electrodes

graphite is used for making crucibles

graphite is used as a lubricant

d)coal: coal is a black hard and combustible substances chemically, coal is a mixture of components of carbon hydrogen Oxygen and some free carbon together with small amount of Nitrogen and sulphur .

property :it is used for burning

uses of coal:
as a fuel to cook food.

for generating electricity in thermal power plants .

as a source of energy in various Industries like cement paper steel.

to power steam engines .

Coke :

occurrence : it is prepared by the destructive distillation of coal .

Properties:Coke is a very important fuel it is greyish black in colour with a rough texty. it is not as shinny as coal. Coke contains 98% carbon .

uses of Coke:

•it is used in the extraction of metals like Iron .

•it is used in the preparation of fuel gases like producer gas and water gas .

charcoal :

occurrence :it is prepared by heating carbon compounds in the absence of air .

properties :It is an impure form of carbon it is prepared by heating carbon compounds in the absence of air depending upon the source Charcoal is classified as wood charcoal, sugar charcoal, and animal charcoal .

uses of charcoal :

•as a domestic fuel as it produces a lot of heat on burning.

• in making powder gun.

•as reducing agent in the attraction extraction of metals .

•it is used as a decolourising agent

•to remove excess fluoride from the water which can lead to tooth decay

lampblack :lampblack is also known as Kajal in Hindi .it contains about 99% carbon.