Question

Please answer this 3. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a number of distinct differences in their structure. However, one theory suggests that eukaryotic cells have evolved from endosymbiosis with prokaryotic cells, where smaller prokaryotic cells would live in the larger prokaryotic cell and eventually form the chloroplasts and mitochondria over many years of evolution that gives us today’s eukaryotic cells. By comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, evaluate this theory?

Answer 1

$\huge\mathfrak{Answer:-}$

⭐ Yeah, uh are correct!! The Endosymbiosis theory explains that eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells.

⭕ Semi autonomous cell organelles i.e mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA, RNA and 70s ribosomes.

⭕ These cell organelles resembles with prokaryotic cells and so are popularly called as Cell within cell organelles.

⭕ The Endosymbiosis theory was proposed by Altman, Schimper and Margulis.

⭐ Endosymbiosis theory in a nutshell:-

• Starts with two independent bacteria.
• One bacterium engulfs the other.
• One bacterium now lives inside the other.
• Both the bacteria gets benefits from this arrangement.
• The internal bacteria are now passed on from generation to generation.

⭐ Supporting evidences of theory:-

• The chloroplast and mitochondria have the same size as that of prokaryotic cells.
• They divide by simple fission like prokaryotic bacteria.
• They have 70s ribosomes.
• Contains circular DNA without histone proteins, DNA is not enclosed in nuclear membrane.
• Genes are similar to that of prokaryotes and very different from eukaryotes.

$\huge\mathfrak{Thank you :)}$