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Answer 1

a. Watershed management is the scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase biomass production.

It aims to develop primary resources of land and water. To produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.

Advantages:
1. Increases the production and income of the watershed community
2. Mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoir.

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b. Humans occupy the top level in the food chain. This has the following effects:

1. Maximum quantity of harmful chemicals such as DDT get accumulated due to biological magnification

2. We get very less energy from food as there is a continuous loss of energy at each successive trophic level. At each successive level, the energy available is 10% of the previous level- 10% law.