please give 4 pages to write please in history of Ashoka in English please for my project please (please it should be of 4 pages) please
Answers
Explanation:
The Kalinga War (ended c. 261 BCE)[1] was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast, in the present-day state of Odisha and northern parts of Andhra Pradesh. It is presumed that the battle was fought on Dhauli hills in Dhauli which is situated on the banks of Daya River. The Kalinga War was one of the largest and deadliest battles in Indian history.[6] Kalinga did not have a king as it was culturally run without one.[7]
Kalinga War
Date ended c. 261 BCE, in the 7th year of Ashoka's coronation of 268 BCE[1]
Location
Kalinga, India
Result Mauryan victory
Territorial
changes Kalinga annexed by Mauryan Empire
Belligerents
Mauryan Empire
Kalinga
Commanders and leaders
Ashoka
Maha Padmanabha
Strength
Total 600,000
150,000 infantry,[2]
10,000 cavalry[3]
700 war elephants[2]
Casualties and losses
70,000
150,000 (figures by Ashoka)[4][5]
This is the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to the throne. In fact, this war marks the close of empire-building and military conquests of ancient India that began with the Mauryan king Bindusara.[8] In the entire Indian history this war is considered as the deadliest war costing nearly 250,000 lives.
Background
The reasons for invading Kalinga were to bring peace and for power. Kalinga was a prosperous region consisting of peaceful and artistically skilled people. The northern part of Kalinga was known as the Utkala (Uttar: North, Kal: Kalinga), they were the first from the region to use navy and travelled offshore to the southeast of Asia for trade. For that reason, Kalinga was able to develop several ports and a skilled navy. The culture of Kalinga was a blend of forest tribal and Brahminism co-existing peacefully.[9]
Kalinga was under the rule of the Nanda Empire who ruled over the region from their capital in Magadha until their fall in 321 BCE.[10] Ashoka's grandfather Chandragupta Maurya had previously attempted to conquer Kalinga but had been repulsed. Ashoka set himself to the task of conquering and annexing Kalinga to the vast Maurya Empire as soon as he securely established himself as the king of Magadha.[9] Some scholars argue that Kalinga was a strategic threat to the Mauryas. It could interrupt communications between Mauryan capital Pataliputra and possessions in the central Indian peninsula. Kalinga also controlled the coastline for the trade-in bay of Bengal.
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