Question

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A.Answer the following questions :

1. What are the various states of matter ?

2. What is the difference between freezing and melting ?

3. Why do liquids have a fixed volume but gases do not have a

fixed volume ?

4. Briefly describe an experiment to prove that air expands on

heating ?

5. Define the following terms –

a. Intermolecular force of attraction

b. Deposition

c. Sublimation

d. Thermal expansion​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. There are Four States of matter : solid, liquid,gas and plasma. The fifth state is the man- made Bone- Einstein condensates

Answer 2

Answer:

1 There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.

2 Freezing is the change that occurs when a liquid changes into a solid as the temperature decreases. Melting is the opposite change, from a solid to a liquid as the temperature increases.

3 Because the particles in liquids are very close together (barely further apart than in solids) liquids do not easily compress, so their volume is fixed. Gases can also flow, so occupy the shape of their whole container. They do not have a fixed shape.

4 Take a bottle. Tie the balloon tightly on the neck of the bottle. ... This happens because when the bottle is placed in hot water, the air in it becomes warm and expands due to which balloon also expands. When the bottle is placed in cold water, the air in the bottle contracts due to which balloon also contracts

5 a. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions ). These forces are weak compared to the intramolecular forces, such as the covalent or ionic bonds between atoms in a molecule.

b. Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. Deposition is a thermodynamic process. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation. ... This causes the water vapor to change directly into a solid.

c. Sublimation: The process in which a solid transforms into a gas phase without first melting to form a liquid phase.

d. Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases.

Explanation:

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