( Please help me, I'll mark you brainliest)
1. State two characteristics of all fluids.
2. Use the particle theory to explain why fluids can flow and solids cannot.
3. What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?
4. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of each type of flow?
5. When building a new car, the designer often tries to streamline the design to make it more aerodynamic. Use the ideas of laminar and turbulent flow to explain why this is helpful.
Answers
Explanation:
1. State two characteristics of all fluids.
The ability to flow through, around, or over something
They take the shape of their container (No shape of their own)
2. Use the particle theory to explain why fluids can flow and solids cannot.
In solids there is a strong force of attraction between the molecules and the space between them is very negligible. The molecules are therefore, not free to move. They merely vibrate about their mean positions. But in the case of liquids, the molecules are not very closely packed. They do not attract each other as strongly as the molecules of solids. Thus, the intermolecular spaces are larger and the molecules are able to move about more freely. This makes a liquid flow.
3. What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?
Laminar flow or streamline flow in pipes (or tubes) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the pipe walls.
Any lateral mixing (mixing at right angles to the flow direction) occurs by the action of diffusion between layers of the liquid. Diffusion mixing can be slow however if the diameter of the pipe or tube is small then this diffusive mixing can be very significant.
Turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes. This includes rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in space and time. In contrast to laminar flow the fluid no longer travels in layers and mixing across the tube is highly efficient.
Flows at Reynolds numbers larger than 4000 are typically (but not necessarily) turbulent, while those at low Reynolds numbers below 2300 usually remain laminar. Flows in the range of Reynolds numbers 2300 to 4000 and known as transition.Laminar and turbulent flows can exist in the same tube network when operated at different flow rates.
4. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of each type of flow?
Laminar advantages:
Laminar Flow Cabinets create particle-free working environments by projecting air through a filtration system and exhausting it across a work surface in a laminar or uni-directional airstream. They provide an excellent clean air environment for a number of laboratory requirements.
Can be used to measure low flow rates.
Ability to measure the flow of high viscous liquid.
Linear relationship between flow rate and pressure drop
No need to use square root extractor 26 as it exhibits linear relationship
Low noise
Laminar disadvantages:
Vertical laminar flow hoods have some potential disadvantages as well. Notably, placing your hands, materials or equipment on top of other items obstructs the airflow and creates turbulence which reduces their ability to remove particles, leading to a greater risk for contaminating your work.
Dependent on fluid velocity
Affected by temperature, so needed temperature compensation
Turbulent advantages:
A turbulent flow can be either an advantage or disadvantage. A turbulent flow increases the amount of air resistance and noise; however, a turbulent flow also accelerates heat conduction and thermal mixing. Therefore, understanding, handling, and controlling turbulent flows can be crucial for successful product design
In general terms, in turbulent flow, unsteady vortices appear of many sizes which interact with each other, exchanging energy, as a result drag increases due to friction effects. The level of turbulence has a significant impact on the stability of boundary and shear layers.
5. When building a new car, the designer often tries to streamline the design to make it more aerodynamic. Use the ideas of laminar and turbulent flow to explain why this is helpful.
Turbulence on the road creates a non-uniform and fluctuating flow field of air around a vehicle.
The wind viciously whips the car, and create a vortex that almost whips you from the road and cause major traffic problems
Laminar Flow is the smooth, uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the car when building a new car, the designer often tries to streamline the design to make it more aerodynamic using the laminar concept for least turbulence
( I hope this was helpful) >;D