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21. the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAlī and by Abul Kalam Azad.
22. 13 April 1919
23. Mahatma Gandhi
24. Sabarmati
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The Khilafat movement or the Caliphate movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan,[1][2] and Abul Kalam Azad[3] to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of the Muslims, as an effective political authority. It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres.[4][5]
The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards Nationalism. By 1924, Turkey had simply abolished the role of caliph.[6]