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Answers
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1. The correct answer is option b), chloro acetic acid. since the chlorine atom is an EWG (Electron Withdrawing Group), and is near the carbon attached to the carboxyl group, it is the strongest acid in the given options
2. Oxalic acid (option b), as it has two carboxyl groups, which are good EWGs
3. Again the answer is option b) ( :-| ), o- hydroxy benzoic acid has an effect called ortho effect, which makes the H+ ion to release quickly, making it a stronger acid than p- hydroxy benzoic acid (the hydroxyl ion gives a negative charge to -COOH group attached to the benzene ring, so, it is the weakest of the given acids)
4. para chloro phenol, since the lone pairs of chlorine undergo resonance, it is the strongest phenol, which is not possible in p- flouro phenol
5. Aniline will be the strongest base, since the nitro group reduces electron density in the benzene ring, and the main characteristic of a base it to carry negative charge
6. The weakest base will be para nitro aniline, since it again reduces electron density in the benzene ring
7. The secondary carbocation (option d) is the most stable carbocation, since it stabilised by two methyl groups
8. The correct sequence will be: II>I>III, as the lone pair in aniline will undergo resonance and might not be available for protonation, so, aniline is less basic than ammonia and of course, the alkyl group will increase the electron density by donating electrons by inductive effect
9. propanoic acid (Option d) will have more pH, since the alkyl group stabilises the carboxyl ion and hence, reduces the tendency of the acid to lose H+ quickly)
10. The answer is nirto acetic acid (option a), since the NO₂ group stongly deactivates the e⁻ density than the isocyanide (NC group)
the questions were great, though