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Answer:
One practical application of chemistry is that it can be used to help separate one substance from another. The reasons materials may be separated from each other is because there is some difference between them, such as size (separating rocks from sand), state of matter (separating water from ice), solubility, electrical charge, or melting point.Separating Sand and Salt
Students are often asked to separate salt and sand to learn about mixtures and to explore the differences between forms of matter that can be used to separate mixture components.
Three methods used to separate salt and sand are physical separation (picking out pieces or using density to shake sand to the top), dissolving the salt in water, or melting the salt.
Probably the easiest method to separate the two substances is to dissolve salt in water, pour the liquid away from the sand, and then evaporate the water to recover the salt.Physical Separation of Salt and Sand
Since both salt and sand are solids, you could get a magnifying glass and tweezers and eventually pick out particles of salt and sand.
Another physical separation method is based on the different densities of salt and sand. The density of salt is 2.16 g/cm³ while the density of sand is 2.65 g/cm³. In other words, sand is slightly heavier than salt. If you shake a pan of salt and sand, the sand will eventually rise to the top. A similar method is used to pan for gold, since gold has a higher density than most other substances and sinks in a mixture.Separating Salt and Sand Using Solubility
One method of separating salt and sand is based on solubility. If a substance is soluble, it means it dissolves in a solvent. Salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) is an ionic compound that is soluble in water. Sand (mostly silicon dioxide) is not.
Pour the salt and sand mixture into a pan.
Add water. You don't need to add a lot of water. Solubility is a property that is affected by temperature, so more salt dissolves in hot water than cold water. It's okay if the salt doesn't dissolve at this point.
Heat the water until the salt dissolves. If you get to where the water is boiling and there is still solid salt, you can add a bit more water.
Remove the pan from heat and allow it to cool until it's safe to handle.
Pour the salt water into a separate container.
Now collect the sand.
Pour the salt water back into the empty pan.
Heat the salt water until the water boils. Continue boiling it until the water is gone and you're left with the salt.
Another way you can separate the salt water and sand is to stir up the sand/salt water and pour it through a coffee filter to capture the sand.
Explanation:
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Dissolve the mixture in water. As potassium nitrate is soluble in water, it will dissolve in water, leaving behind silt and fine coal dust. Silt being heavier will settle at the bottom and coal dust being fine will rise to the surface and float on the surface of water.We can decant this water in a separate container. Thus we have two solutions now- one containing fine coal dust and the other containing silt (settled at the bottom of water). In both the solutions, we will now use filtration to separate coal dust and silt from their respective solutions. The filtrate obtained from both the solutions contains potassium nitrate dissolved in water. On evaporation we will get potassium nitrate.
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