Please tell about participles in verbs for class 7
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Participles
A participle is a verb form that can be used (1) as an adjective, (2) to create verb tense, or (3) to create the passive voice.
There are two types of participles:
Present participle (ending -ing)
Past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
participles
(Function 1) Participles as Adjectives
Examples of Participles Being Used as Adjectives
Here are some present and past participles being used as adjectives:
The Verb The Present Participle The Past Participle
To rise the rising sun the risen sun
To boil the boiling water the boiled water
To break the breaking news the broken news
To cook the cooking ham the cooked ham
Here are some real-life examples of present participles (shaded) being used as adjectives:
A laughing man is stronger than a suffering man. (Gustave Flaubert, 1821-1880)
The only thing that comes to a sleeping man is dreams. (Tupac Shakur)
More Examples of Past Participles as Adjectives
Remember that past participles have various endings, usually -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. Here are some more examples:
broken window
painted frame
destroyed bridge
Here are some real-life examples of past participles (shaded) being used as adjectives:
A swollen eye is God's way of telling you to improve your interpersonal skills.
Do not waste time staring at a closed door.
I like children...if they're properly cooked. (W.C. Fields)
(Don't forget that an adjective can also appear after the noun it is modifying. See predicate adjectives.)
Participle Phrases
It is really common to see participles in participle phrases. A participle phrase also acts like an adjective. In the examples below, the participle phrases are shaded and the participles are in bold:
The man carrying the bricks is my father.
(The participle phrase carrying the bricks describes the the man.)
She showed us a plate of scones crammed with cream.
(The participle phrase crammed with cream describes the scones.)
Whistling the same tune as always, Ted touched the front of his cap with his forefinger as she dismounted.
(The participle phrase Whistling the same tune as always describes Ted.)
Stunned by the blow, Mike quickly gathered his senses and searched frantically for the pepper spray.
(The participle phrase Stunned by the blow describes Mike.)
Read more about participle phrases.
(Function 2) Participles to Form Verb Tense
Participles are not just used as adjectives. They are also used to form verb tenses.
Present Participles in Verb Tenses
Here are the verb tenses that are formed using present participles (shaded):
The 4 Present Tenses Example
simple present tense I go
present progressive tense I am going
present perfect tense I have gone
present perfect progressive tense I have been going
The 4 Future Tenses Example
simple future tense I will go
future progressive tense I will be going
future perfect tense I will have gone
future perfect progressive tense I will have been going
Read more about present participles.
Past Participles in Verb Tenses
Here are the verb tenses that are formed using past participles (shaded):
(Function 3) Past Participles to Form the Passive Voice
Past participles are also used to form the passive voice. A verb is said to be in the "passive voice" when its subject does not perform the action of the verb but has the action of the verb performed on it. For example:
The painting was taken to the auction.
(This is an example of a verb ("was taken") in the passive voice. The action was done to the subject ("the painting").)
Conversely, when the subject of the sentence is acting out the verb, the verb is said to be in active voice. For example:
Toby took the painting to the auction.
(This is an example of a verb ("took") in the active voice. The subject ("Toby") did the action.)
Read more about the passive voice.
Forming the Passive Voice
The passive voice is form as follows:
[verb "to be"] + [past participle]
In these examples, the verb "to be" is bolded and the past participles are shaded:
The convict was captured after just two hours on the run.
The goats are milked twice a day.
My VIPs will be flown to the stadium by helicopter.
Here, for references purposes, is a list of all the forms of the passive voice. Note that past participles feature in every version.
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