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A piece of ice, a block of wood, and a ceramic cup are solids. They
have shapes that do not change and volumes that can be measured.
Any matter that is a solid has a definite shape and a definite volume.
The molecules in a solid are in fixed positions and are close
together. Although the molecules can still vibrate, they cannot move
from one part of the solid to another part. As a result, a solid does not
easily change its shape or its volume. If you force the molecules apart,
you can change the shape and the volume of a solid by breaking it
into pieces. However, each of those pieces will still be a solid and have
its own particular shape and volume.
The particles in some solids, such as ice or table salt, are arranged
in a very regular pattern. The pattern of the water molecules in ice, for
example, can be seen when you look at a snowflake like the one shown
below. The water molecules in a snowflake are arranged in hexagonal
shapes that are layered on top of one another. Because the molecular
pattern has six sides, snowflakes form with six sides or six points. Salt
also has a regular structure; salt crystals have a cubic shape. This shape
also is a result of how the particles that make up salt are arranged.
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Solids are hard and have definite shape and volume since the particles of solids are tightly packed with each other and they do not flow free. They are least compressible and have least kinetic energy. Therefore they have a definite shape and volume.