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A disaster is a destructive event that occurs suddenly and involves loss of life and property.
Disasters can be of two types, natural and man-made. It is a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
Earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, landslides, avalanches and droughts are natural disasters and man has no control over them. They are a result of natural activities and hence known as natural disasters.
MAN MADE DISASTERS
The man-made disasters are triggered by human beings. Some of the man-made disasters are: bomb explosions, terrorism, war or civil war, leakage of poisonous chemicals, breach in dams, air or water pollution, industrial accidents and epidemics.
EARTHQUAKES
An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which usually originates at or below the surface.
PROTECTION AGAINST EARTHQUAKES
The information about earthquakes and their intensity should be shared with the public through radio, television and newspapers
Water, ration, first-aid kits, radios, flash lights, battery, blankets, jackets and fire extinguishers should be stored in safe places.
Switch off the gas and electric supply in the house during a quake and do not use elevators.
FLOODS
A flood is an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water overtops breaks leeves, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries
PROTECTION AGAINST FLOODS
Floods caused by cloud bursts, bursting of dams, or tsunamis are called flash floods. Artificial reservoirs should be built with sluice gates and sand bags should be used to block the flow of water.
DROUGHTS
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in its water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
EFFECTS OF DROUGHTS
Diminished crop growth or yield productions and carrying capacity for livestock.
Dust bowls, themselves a sign of erosion, which further erode the landscape
PROTECTION AGAINST DROUGHTS
Strategies for drought protection, mitigation or relief include:
Dams many dams and their associated reservoirs supply additional water in times of drought.
Desalination consumption. of sea water for irrigation or
BIOLOGICAL
An important type of man-made disaster is biological disaster. Such disasters are caused by microorganisms that cause epidemics. These have spread due to man-made conditions. Most of these have been infectious diseases such as malaria, plague, diphtheria, tuberculosis and influenza.
CHEMICAL
Chemical disaster is another man-made disaster. Chemical and radioactive leakages are also the result of human error and result in far reaching damages.Achemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment.
PROTECTION AGAINST BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DISASTERS
People can control the spread of these diseases by ensuring hygienic conditions and taking preventive measures. The government has taken a number of steps to contain the spread of these diseases such as fumigation to control the spread of the malarial mosquito.
Protective clothing: Clothing reduces the risk of mosquito biting if the cloth is sufficiently thick or loosely fitting. Long sleeves and trousers with stockings may protect the arms and legs, the preferred sites for mosquito bites.
Repellents: Repellents are a common means of personal protection against mosquitoes and other biting insects. These are broadly classified into two categories, natural repellents and chemical repellents. Essential oils from plant extracts are the main natural repellent ingredients.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Management refers to the measures taken for the safety and protection of life and property from natural or man-made disasters.
The four phases of disaster management are mitigation, preparation, response and recovery.
COMMON TECHNIQUES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Youth of the country should be encouraged to learn and practise techniques of disaster management.
Education about disaster management should be imparted in schools and colleges
Disaster evacuation drills should be practised in schools and offices
Prepare a first aid box which would be handy in times of disasters.
Details of disaster management squad should be shared through media at every corner of the country.
