plomer technology nano technology based interview questions
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Answer:
Question 1. What Is Nanotechnology Considered To Be?
Answer :
Nanotechnology is a generic term for the development of innovative materials and applications in various natural science and technical disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine, as well as engineering and material sciences. It deals with materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nanometres (nm), so called nanomaterials.
With the help of nanotechnology, it is possible to develop structures, techniques and systems in which materials show completely new properties and functions. Industry, medicine, science and consumers hope that this potential will lead to beneficial applications in such areas as robotics, sensory technology, process engineering, biotechnology and medicine as well as for the further development of foods, consumer products and cosmetics.
Question 2. What Are Nanomaterials?
Answer :
According to the definition of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), manufactured nanomaterials of organic or inorganic origin are differentiated on the one hand into three types of nano-objects which are smaller than 100 nanometres (nm) in at least one dimension:
Spherical structures (e.g. nanoparticles and fullerenes),
Fibrous structures (e.g. nanotubes)
Extremely thin layers (e.g. nanoplatelets)
and into so-called nanostructured materials on the other (e.g. aggregates or compound materials containing or consisting of nano-objects of this kind).
The European Commission published a recommendation in October 2011 according to which a “nanomaterial” should be understood to be a natural material occurring or produced during processes containing particles in an unbound condition, as an aggregate or as an agglomerate, with which at least 50 % of the particles in the number size distribution have one or more outer dimensions in the range from 1 nm to 100 nm. In special cases, the threshold value of 50 % for the number size distribution can be replaced by a threshold value of between 1 % and 50 % if this is justified by environmental, health, safety or competition considerations. This definition is to be used in future as a basic principle in all European substance directives and regulations governing the use of nanomaterials (chemicals, cosmetics, foods and feeds, pesticides and biocides). The recommendation of the Commission also provides for the possibility of establishing amendments or deviations in certain legal areas, however. A specific definition for technically manufactured nanomaterials was determined in Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers.
On the one hand, nanoparticles can be carried into the ambient air as ultrafine dusts from natural or artificial combustion sources (e.g. volcanic ash, cigarette smoke, exhaust gases from heating systems or thermodynamic machines such as internal combustion engines) and can also be produced unintentionally in work and production processes (e.g. welding smoke).
On the other hand, nanomaterials are manufactured specifically for use in many technical areas as well as in consumer products, such as paints, cosmetics, textiles and packaging materials, as so-called engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Examples of specifically manufactured nanomaterials are nanosilver, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticles or what is known as nanoclay, an aluminium silicate in nano form.
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