Question

....pls answer all the parts .....


a) Draw all the isomes of butane and pentane .


b) what is homologus series

c) What happens when a subs which is the main constituent of cough syrp

i) Is heated with Conc. H2SO4

ii) Reacts with Alkaline KMnO4

iii) Reacts with Acetic acid in presence of conc. H2SO4

iv) Reacts with sodium

v) Burns in presence of air

d) write difference between

i) soap and Detergent

ii) Hard water and Soft water

e) What do uh mean by Hard water ? How can we remove hardness of water .



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Answer 1

Hey mate!

Here is your answer

a) In given attachment

b) It is a series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain.

c) Attachment

d) Attachment

e) Attachment

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Answer 2

a) In the attachment above...

b) A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by CH2 group.

c) Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, is used in cough syrups.

(i). Heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene-

CH_3CH_2OH+Hot conc. H_2SO_4➡️CH_2=CH_2+H_2O

(ii). CH3CH_2OH+alk.KMnO_4→CH_3COOH

Explanation: Alkaline potassium permanganate is an oxidizing agent due to nascent oxygen which adds oxygen or removes hydrogen and thus oxidizes ethanol to ethanoic acid.

Adding alkaline permanganate to ethanol, the pink colour of potassium permanganate vanishes, as it is being used up for the oxidation process.

CH 3CH2OH+alkKMnO4→CH_3COOH

(iii) Ethanoic acid reacts with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an ester -

C2H5OH(Ethanol) + CH3COOH(Ethanoic Acid) = CH3COOC2H5(Ester) + H2O (In presence of Conc. H2SO4.

(iv) Ethanol reacts with sodium leading to evolution of hydrogen and formation of sodium ethoxide.

2Na+2CH_3CH_2OH➡️2CH_3CH_2ONa+H_2

(v) When Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is burnt in air, carbon dioxide & water vapours are formed

CH_3CH_2OH+O_2➡️ΔCO_2+H_2O

d)

(i) In the attachment...

(ii) $\textit{Hard water:}$

The water with naturally present minerals like magnesium and calcium with detectable amount is called hard water. These minerals are beneficial for health. They add flavour to hard water.

$\textit{Soft water:}$

It is treated water. It is left with only cations and that is sodium. It has a salty taste.

Rest... In the attachment... Sorry... Ye ni aata tha... :-p

e) Hard water has high mineral content. Hard water is formed when water percolates through the deposits of chalk and limestone which are made up of magnesium and calcium carbonates. It does not lather with soap, so it is not suitable for laundry purposes.

We can remove this hardness by treating the water with washing soda. Insoluble carbonates are formed when washing soda reacts with the sulfide and chloride salts of magnesium and calcium. And thus hard water is converted to soft water.

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