Question

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question no.5

Answer 1

Mitigation refers to all actions taken before a disaster to reduce its impacts. Mitigation activities fall broadly into two categories viz. Structural Mitigation and Non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation involves the construction projects which reduce economic and social impacts. Non-structural mitigation involve the policies and practices which raise awareness of hazards or encourage developments to reduce the impact of disasters.

Assemble an emergency kit that includes things like first aid supplies, torch, battery operated portable radio, important documents and medicines.

Regularly clear gutters and rubbish from around your property.

Ensure your family members and/or employees know how to turn off mains supply for water, power and gas.

Answer 2

Answer:Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards through proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster occurs.

Two measures to mitigate cyclones are:-

1. Helipads should be constructed at regular intervals through highways and roads built in BOT mode
2. Maintenance of embankments should be crafted with fine workmanship to mitigate flooding risk during cyclones  

Explanation:

I'll provide you with some more extra points to mitigate cyclones

1. Incentivising measure should be there to reward states for disaster preparedness  
2. Call for zero casualty should not encourage suppression of data  
3. Long term mitigation measures should also be in place in district plans  
4. In coastal towns and cities, building rules need to be revisited and structural safety is a must; cyclone resilient structures must be constructed
5. •Infrastructure in vulnerable areas such as roads, public buildings, bridges, communication systems and key infrastructure such as airports and hospitals must be resilient to cyclones  
6. Ageing test and assessment of retrofitting requirements should be mandatory for major city buildings beyond 15 to 20 years old  
7. •Coastal Regulation Zone norms should be strictly enforced  
8. •Coastal Zone Regulatory Authority should be created under central auspices with state counterpart organisations covering the entire coastline of the country for management of marine resources and reserve forests  
9. •Planning as well as balancing of the coastal vegetation and green cover should be taken up
10. •Suitable guidelines should be framed by states for construction of hoardings  
11. •Evacuation routes in disaster management plans should be delineated prior to onset of monsoons  
12. •Telecom systems need to be robust wherein coastal mobile towers must be able to bear winds at speeds of 250 km/hr
13. •Alternative channels of communications should be set up including VF/HUF sets, satellite phones, radio, community radio, internet and loud speakers for communication during the crisis
14. •Underground power cable and utility lines should also be planned in a manner that they are functional and financially viable  
15. •Last mile connectivity must be ensured
16. •Comprehensive state insurance cover needs to be provided for persons, their properties and cattle