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Chapter Electric Current & its effect
Answers
Fun Info
Do you know what is unique about electromagnetic waves? They are the only type of waves that can travel through empty space.
Hans Christian Orsted
The first physicist to study the phenomenon of electromagnetism was Hans Christian Ørsted in the early 19th century. This discovery was possible when in his laboratory, a wire carrying electric current started to affect a compass present nearby. Ørsted thought that by some manner, a magnetic field is being generated by the wire, which was affecting the stability of the compass needle.
Observation: The needle of the compass deflected from magnetic north and returned to point north when the current through the wire was cut.
In the later years, another physicist called James Maxwell started to study the relation between positive and negative charges of electricity, and he discovered that a magnet consists of two oppositely charged poles. He also observed that when a conducting medium like a wire carries an electric current, a magnetic field is developed around it.
Parameters Involved
To gain information about the working mechanism of these devices, it is essential to know the basics of several parameters related to the generation of magnetic field. Such aspects have been briefly discussed below, and will help you to understand the working of an electromagnet.
Solenoid
➦ What is a Solenoid: A coil formed by numerous tightly wound turns of insulated copper wire is basically known as a solenoid, and it is one of the most fundamental parts of an electromagnet. This wire is coiled around a material known as the core of the electromagnet, and using an iron rod is the best option for making this part.
➦ As a magnetic field: When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, a magnetic field is generated. Just like a bar magnet, a solenoid also consists of the North pole and South pole at its opposite ends. If it is suspended in air, it will show an alignment along the true North and South pole of the Earth. The strength of the magnetic field produced by the solenoid depends on factors like the current intensity, and the number of times the wire has been wound around the core material. If the wire turns are higher in number, then the magnetic field will start adding up along the length of the core, and coupled up with a high strength of the current, a very strong electromagnet can be made. The conducting level of the material also plays an important role in the functioning of an electromagnet, and in scientific terms, it is known as magnetic permeability. Solenoid valves are a very good example of this component, wherein they are used in numerous hydraulic and automotive features.
Magnetic Domains and The Principle
In any material, the atoms are arranged or oriented in a random manner in specific regions called domains, and they vibrate or move along numerous directions, depending on their type. According to the arrangement, the materials are categorized as:
- Ferromagnetic
- Ferrimagnetic
- Antiferrimagnetic
- Paramagnetic
- Diamagnetic substances