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Blood Pressure
Your cardiovascular system must maintain an adequate blood pressure in order for blood to be delivered to all of your organs and tissues. If the pressure drops too low, the organs will not receive an adequate perfusion of nourishing blood. If the pressure rises too high, it could damage the delicate inner lining of your blood vessels and eventually lead to heart disease or a stroke. In this lesson, you will learn how the body regulates the blood pressure to keep it from going too low or too high.
Mean Arterial Pressure
Pressure fluctuates with each beat of your heart, what we call one cardiac cycle. We remember that a cardiac cycle has two phases: diastole, which is the phase where the heart is filling with blood but not pumping, and systole, which is the phase when the ventricles contract and pump blood. Blood pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, and it's at its lowest point during diastole and reaches a peak at systole.
Blood pressure is recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with systolic pressure written first, followed by diastolic pressure. Therefore, a normal blood pressure would be written like this: 120/80. Instead of trying to consider the constant fluctuations of blood pressure, we will look at blood pressure in terms of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Mean arterial pressure is defined as the average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle.
There are three important factors that affect mean arterial pressure: cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume. If not compensated by a decrease in any other variables, we can say that when these three factors increase, so does the mean arterial pressure. We previously learned that cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the mean arterial pressure, because there is more blood being pumped out of the heart and flowing into the arterial system.
We also learned that total peripheral resistance is the total resistance to flow of blood in the systemic circulation. We see that as resistance increases, so does the pressure within the blood vessels. For example, if an arteriole constricts, its lumen will decrease in size, but the blood will pass through the arterial with more force or pressure. Just like a hose nozzle - if you make it smaller, it's going to cause the water to shoot out under higher pressure. Blood volume is also directly related to blood pressure. We know that the circulatory system is a closed system. The more fluid a closed system holds, the greater the pressure.
Your cardiovascular system must maintain an adequate blood pressure in order for blood to be delivered to all of your organs and tissues. If the pressure drops too low, the organs will not receive an adequate perfusion of nourishing blood. If the pressure rises too high, it could damage the delicate inner lining of your blood vessels and eventually lead to heart disease or a stroke. In this lesson, you will learn how the body regulates the blood pressure to keep it from going too low or too high.
Mean Arterial Pressure
Pressure fluctuates with each beat of your heart, what we call one cardiac cycle. We remember that a cardiac cycle has two phases: diastole, which is the phase where the heart is filling with blood but not pumping, and systole, which is the phase when the ventricles contract and pump blood. Blood pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, and it's at its lowest point during diastole and reaches a peak at systole.
Blood pressure is recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with systolic pressure written first, followed by diastolic pressure. Therefore, a normal blood pressure would be written like this: 120/80. Instead of trying to consider the constant fluctuations of blood pressure, we will look at blood pressure in terms of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Mean arterial pressure is defined as the average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle.
There are three important factors that affect mean arterial pressure: cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume. If not compensated by a decrease in any other variables, we can say that when these three factors increase, so does the mean arterial pressure. We previously learned that cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the mean arterial pressure, because there is more blood being pumped out of the heart and flowing into the arterial system.
We also learned that total peripheral resistance is the total resistance to flow of blood in the systemic circulation. We see that as resistance increases, so does the pressure within the blood vessels. For example, if an arteriole constricts, its lumen will decrease in size, but the blood will pass through the arterial with more force or pressure. Just like a hose nozzle - if you make it smaller, it's going to cause the water to shoot out under higher pressure. Blood volume is also directly related to blood pressure. We know that the circulatory system is a closed system. The more fluid a closed system holds, the greater the pressure.
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