Question

plzzz explain resonance in phenol and phenoxide ion and why is phenol more acidic than alcohol on the basis of its resonant structure.

Answer 1

In phenol, the lone pair on the oxygen atom get delocalize.
Whereas in case of phenoxide ion, the negative charge on the oxygen atom get delocalize.( as shown in the attached image)
When phenol lose a proton it form its conjugate base i.e. phenoxide ion. Phenoxide ion is highly stabilized by the resonance effect as its negative charge is delocalized over the ring. Whereas in case alkoxide ion(R—O-) i.e. conjugate base of alcohol, the negative charge on the oxygen atom is intensified by the +R effect( inductive effect) of alkyl group(—R) and hence destabilize the alkoxide ion.
Therefore the conjugate base of phenol( phenoxide ion) is more stable than the conjugate base of alchol( alkoxide ion).Again more stable is the conjugate base of an acid, more acidic is that acid. Therefore phenol is more acidic than alcohol.

Answer 2

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