Question

Political representation of women in the Panchayats, Municipalities and the Parliament.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The term 'political participation' has a very wide meaning. It is not only related to 'Right to Vote', but simultaneously relates to participation in: decision-making process, political activism, political consciousness, etc. Women in India participate in voting, run for public offices and political parties at lower levels more than men. Political activism and voting are the strongest areas of women's political participation.[1] To combat gender inequality in politics, the Indian Government has instituted reservations for seats in local governments.

Women turnout during India's parliamentary general elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for men. India ranks 20th from the bottom in terms of representation of women in Parliament.[2] Women have held the posts of president and prime minister in India, as well as chief ministers of various states. Indian voters have elected women to numerous state legislative assemblies and national ministry for many decades.

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Answer 2

There is a broad meaning to the word "political participation." This is tied not only to "voting rights," but also to involvement in: policy making, political advocacy, political consciousness, etc. Women vote in elections in India, have more interest in elected offices & political parties than men at the lower level. The main fields of women's "political participation" are "political activism & voting". The Indian Govt has implemented quotas for seats in local councils to combat gender discrimination in politics.

Explanation:

Political Representation of Women in Panchayats & Municipalities

• In 1992, with the implementation of local self-governance with the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments, it became an unparalleled measure to actively allow women to take decisions with 1/3 of the the seats of the local government bodies such as municipalities and Panchayat Raj being reserved for women's seats.
• Today in Panchayat Raj bodies, 14 states have about 50-58 percent percent-58 percent of population. With 58 percent, Jharkhand leads the way and Rajasthan and Uttarakhand closely follow.

Political Representation of Women in Parliament

• In serving women in parliament India ranks twentieth from the bottom. Women also occupied positions in India as President and Prime Ministers and chief ministers in many States. Indian legislators have for several decades elected women to various state legislatures and ministries.
• However, the representation of women in Parliament has not been upto the mark. Women have been under-represented. Presently there are about 78 women MPs which is about 14 per cent of the total MP strength. However there is a need for more women MPs.
• The "Women's Reservation Bill" or "The Constitution" ("108th Amendment" ) Bill, 2008, was introduced within the Indian parliament seeking to change the Indian Constitution by reserving 33 percent of all seats in "Lok Sabha" or "Lower House" for  women. The seats were planned to be held in "rotation" and decided by lot draw so that a seat can only be allocated once every three general elections. On 9th March 2010, the Rajya Sabha passed the bill. The bill, unfortunately, is still pending in the Loksabha and the Loksabha yet to pass the bill.

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