Pollution of water resources & Control mechanism
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Water pollution
Water pollution may be defined as “the alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on humans and aquatic life.”
Pollutants include:
Sewage
Industrial effluents and chemicals
Oil and other wastes
Chemicals in air dissolve in rain water, fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides leached from land pollute water.
TYPES, EFFECTS AND SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
Infectious agents
Ex: Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and parasitic worms.
Human sources
Human and animal wastes
Effects: Variety of diseases.
Oxygen demanding wastes (Dissolved oxygen): This degradation consumes dissolved oxygen in water. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen dissolved in a given quantity of water at a particular pressure and temperature.
The saturated point of DO varies from 8 to 15 mg/L Ex: Organic wastes such as animal manure and plant debris that can be decomposed by aerobic (oxygen-requiring) bacteria.
Human sources: Sewage, Animal feedlots, paper mills and food processing facilities.
Effects: Large populations of bacteria decomposing these wastes can degrade water quality by depleting water of dissolved oxygen. This causes fish and other forms of oxygen-consuming aquatic life to die.
Inorganic chemicals
Ex: Water soluble inorganic chemicals:
Acids
Compounds of toxic metals such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se)
Salts such as NaCl in oceans and fluoride (F-) found in some soils
Human sources: Surface runoff, industrial effluents and household cleansers Effects:Inorganic chemicals can:
Make freshwater unusable for drinking and irrigation
Cause skin cancer and neck damage
Damage nervous system, liver and kidneys
Harm fish and other aquatic life
Lower crop yields
Accelerate corrosion of metals exposed to such water
Water pollution may be defined as “the alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on humans and aquatic life.”
Pollutants include:
Sewage
Industrial effluents and chemicals
Oil and other wastes
Chemicals in air dissolve in rain water, fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides leached from land pollute water.
TYPES, EFFECTS AND SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
Infectious agents
Ex: Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and parasitic worms.
Human sources
Human and animal wastes
Effects: Variety of diseases.
Oxygen demanding wastes (Dissolved oxygen): This degradation consumes dissolved oxygen in water. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen dissolved in a given quantity of water at a particular pressure and temperature.
The saturated point of DO varies from 8 to 15 mg/L Ex: Organic wastes such as animal manure and plant debris that can be decomposed by aerobic (oxygen-requiring) bacteria.
Human sources: Sewage, Animal feedlots, paper mills and food processing facilities.
Effects: Large populations of bacteria decomposing these wastes can degrade water quality by depleting water of dissolved oxygen. This causes fish and other forms of oxygen-consuming aquatic life to die.
Inorganic chemicals
Ex: Water soluble inorganic chemicals:
Acids
Compounds of toxic metals such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se)
Salts such as NaCl in oceans and fluoride (F-) found in some soils
Human sources: Surface runoff, industrial effluents and household cleansers Effects:Inorganic chemicals can:
Make freshwater unusable for drinking and irrigation
Cause skin cancer and neck damage
Damage nervous system, liver and kidneys
Harm fish and other aquatic life
Lower crop yields
Accelerate corrosion of metals exposed to such water
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