prepare a questionnaire for a visit to a rural area
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In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in geographic characteristics within public health, particularly in the areas of international health and community development. Past research has documented a difference between urban and rural health care, usually expressed in terms of healthcare access and utilization, cost, and geographic distribution of providers and services.(1) Recently, however, a new research focus has begun to direct its attention toward differences in population health, public health, environmental health, and the differences between urban and rural health behaviors. By utilizing a framework that examines determinants of health, researchers can identify environment-specific factors that may contribute to different health outcomes for urban and rural residents.
This focus on the environmental and social determinants of health has accompanied a rapid change in rates of urban populations across the world. The rapid urbanization of the 20th century reflects changes in global political, economic, and social forces.(2) Thus, the health of urban populations has changed as cities have evolved. As more people worldwide live in cities, it is imperative to understand how urban living affects population health. Does urban living negatively affect health? Can urban living enhance population health and well-being? This article first examines determinants of heath in urban versus rural contexts and then outlines several emerging problems caused by rapid urbanization.