prepare a report on rain water harvesting
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rain water harvesting
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Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of precipitation for later human use. This project focuses on the design, construction and analysis of a rainwater harvesting system located at the Bourns College of Engineering at the University of California, Riverside. The information collected from this project will be used to build a template for designing a rain water harvesting system that can be placed in areas outside of the Southern California region, with a specific look at the applicability of rain water harvesting in developing regions.
A preliminary mathematical model was created using Microsoft Excel that can be used to determine the potential volume of rainwater captured from an inputted rooftop area. Besides providing the volume of water that could be potentially collected from a rain event, the Excel model outputs the estimated total cost of installation and the amount of days harvested water can be used to irrigate a given lawn area. The collected data from the Phase I design will provide an opportunity to optimize the Excel model, taking into consideration local conditions and equipment costs.
Phase I funding was used to construct a harvesting system around one drain spout located at the Bourns College site. To come up with a preliminary design of the system the Excel model was used to come up with a tank size based on local rainfall data. The system includes a catch basin connected to a roof outlet, which flows over a weir and flow meter. An auto-sampler is also connected to the system to take grab samples. The water is tested for total suspended solids and total dissolved solids.
An early assumption was that first flush diversion was not necessary due to the harvested water was only to be used for non-potable uses. However, the water quality data shows a spike in total suspended and dissolved solids in first flush water, while subsequent flow of water had very low levels. This data showed that first flush diversion must be done in order to avoid build up of solids in the tank and from solid build up later in the irrigation system. In order to alleviate the solids problem, the first flush will be diverted and treated by a sand filter before being flushed out of the system.
The data used in the Excel model to calculate the necessary tank size was based on average precipitation rates for the Riverside, CA area. The rainfall for the area during the collection period was about 5 inches, with the average rainfall being 8 inches per year. The less intense rainfall rate resulted in a lower amount of water that would have been collected and this is represented by a decreased flow over the weir and read by the flow meter. The 5 inches of rain over the collection area from the roof would correlate to the collection of 18,500 gallons of water over the entire rain period. The tank size required for the entire year based on this system is 600 gallons; the tank size is lower than the total collection volume due to the daily usage for irrigation needs. The system has the ability to provide 62 days of irrigation solely on harvested rain water, while providing 90 days of irrigation using blended water; where blended water is a combination of harvested rain water and city water. The calculation assumes that there is a one inch irrigation pattern during the winter and two inches during the summer, with no irrigation occurring during days of rainfall.
Conclusions:
Rainwater harvesting is a viable option to supplement city water for non-potable human uses, such as irrigation. The overall efficiency of a rainwater harvesting system to supplement city water increases as area increases. The system would be highly effective in high commercial regions where there are warehouses and large buildings. These areas also contain less lawn area, so that the water can be used for uses beyond irrigation. In order to display the potential of the rainwater harvesting project for a heavy commercial area, Ontario, CA was chosen as a sample site. Ontario is an area with many commercial facilities, when all of the roof area is considered with the average annual rainfall at 16 inches, a total of 2,200 acre-feet per year of water can be collected, this can meet the demands of 10,000 people. In fact, the Toyota facility located in Ontario has a roof area of 380,000 square feet. When taking into consideration the average rainfall, this building has the ability to collect 3 million gallons of water. This single facility can not only meet the needs of the small patches of lawn surrounding the building, but can supply enough water for 41 people at 200 gpcpd or the water can be used to recharge groundwater levels.
Sorry for making it too long but hope it helps you mate!
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of precipitation for later human use. This project focuses on the design, construction and analysis of a rainwater harvesting system located at the Bourns College of Engineering at the University of California, Riverside. The information collected from this project will be used to build a template for designing a rain water harvesting system that can be placed in areas outside of the Southern California region, with a specific look at the applicability of rain water harvesting in developing regions.
A preliminary mathematical model was created using Microsoft Excel that can be used to determine the potential volume of rainwater captured from an inputted rooftop area. Besides providing the volume of water that could be potentially collected from a rain event, the Excel model outputs the estimated total cost of installation and the amount of days harvested water can be used to irrigate a given lawn area. The collected data from the Phase I design will provide an opportunity to optimize the Excel model, taking into consideration local conditions and equipment costs.
Phase I funding was used to construct a harvesting system around one drain spout located at the Bourns College site. To come up with a preliminary design of the system the Excel model was used to come up with a tank size based on local rainfall data. The system includes a catch basin connected to a roof outlet, which flows over a weir and flow meter. An auto-sampler is also connected to the system to take grab samples. The water is tested for total suspended solids and total dissolved solids.
An early assumption was that first flush diversion was not necessary due to the harvested water was only to be used for non-potable uses. However, the water quality data shows a spike in total suspended and dissolved solids in first flush water, while subsequent flow of water had very low levels. This data showed that first flush diversion must be done in order to avoid build up of solids in the tank and from solid build up later in the irrigation system. In order to alleviate the solids problem, the first flush will be diverted and treated by a sand filter before being flushed out of the system.
The data used in the Excel model to calculate the necessary tank size was based on average precipitation rates for the Riverside, CA area. The rainfall for the area during the collection period was about 5 inches, with the average rainfall being 8 inches per year. The less intense rainfall rate resulted in a lower amount of water that would have been collected and this is represented by a decreased flow over the weir and read by the flow meter. The 5 inches of rain over the collection area from the roof would correlate to the collection of 18,500 gallons of water over the entire rain period. The tank size required for the entire year based on this system is 600 gallons; the tank size is lower than the total collection volume due to the daily usage for irrigation needs. The system has the ability to provide 62 days of irrigation solely on harvested rain water, while providing 90 days of irrigation using blended water; where blended water is a combination of harvested rain water and city water. The calculation assumes that there is a one inch irrigation pattern during the winter and two inches during the summer, with no irrigation occurring during days of rainfall.
Conclusions:
Rainwater harvesting is a viable option to supplement city water for non-potable human uses, such as irrigation. The overall efficiency of a rainwater harvesting system to supplement city water increases as area increases. The system would be highly effective in high commercial regions where there are warehouses and large buildings. These areas also contain less lawn area, so that the water can be used for uses beyond irrigation. In order to display the potential of the rainwater harvesting project for a heavy commercial area, Ontario, CA was chosen as a sample site. Ontario is an area with many commercial facilities, when all of the roof area is considered with the average annual rainfall at 16 inches, a total of 2,200 acre-feet per year of water can be collected, this can meet the demands of 10,000 people. In fact, the Toyota facility located in Ontario has a roof area of 380,000 square feet. When taking into consideration the average rainfall, this building has the ability to collect 3 million gallons of water. This single facility can not only meet the needs of the small patches of lawn surrounding the building, but can supply enough water for 41 people at 200 gpcpd or the water can be used to recharge groundwater levels.
Sorry for making it too long but hope it helps you mate!
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