Prepare synopsis of soil according to the details given in
chapter 1 of Geography under the following heads:
a) Name of the soil
b) Areas
c) Formation
d) Properties and
e) Significance
of class 10
first one who will give proper answer i will mark it as brainliest
Answers
Answer:
Classification of Soils
On the basis of the factors responsible for soil formation, colour, thickness, texture, age, chemical and physical properties, the soils of India are classified in different types as mentioned below.
Alluvial Soils
--------------------
The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil.
The Alluvial Soil is deposited by 3 important Himalayan river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
It is also found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. As we move inlands towards the river valleys, soil particles appear to be bigger in size whereas in the upper side of the river valley, the soils are coarse.
Based on age, Alluvial soils can be classified as:
Old Alluvial (Bangar): The Bangar soil has a higher concentration of kanker nodules than the Khadar.
New Alluvial (Khadar): It has more fine particles and is more fertile than the Bangar.
Alluvial soils are very fertile. These soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime, which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
Alluvial soil
Black Soil
-----------------
This soil is black in colour and is also known as regur soil. Climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
The soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.
This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over northwest Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.
The soil covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and extends in the south-east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material and well-known for their capacity to hold moisture.
Black soil is nutrients rich and contains calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
The soil is sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period.
Black Soil
Red and Yellow Soils
------------------------------------
This type of soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.
These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
Red and Yellow Soils
Laterite Soil
-------------------
The laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with the alternate wet and dry season.
This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
Lateritic soils are acidic (pH<6.0) in nature and generally deficient in plant nutrients. This type of soil is found mostly in Southern states, Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, Odisha, some parts of West Bengal and North-east regions.
The soil supports deciduous and evergreen forests but humus poor.
This soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee.
Laterite Soil
Arid Soils
---------------
Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
This soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. In some areas, the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water.
Arid soil lacks humus and moisture.
The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water.
Arid Soils
Forest Soils
-------------------
These soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas.
The soil texture is loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes.
In the snow covered areas of Himalayas, these soils experience denudation and are acidic with low humus content. The soil is fertile on the river terraces and alluvial fans.
.
.
.
.