Question

preperation of salts chapter 2 acid bases and salts class 10

Answer 1

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Classification of salts:
Based on nature the salts have been classified into different types. They are:
Normal salts
Acidic salts
Basic salts
Double salts
Complex salts


Normal salts:
These salts are formed by the complete replacement of hydrogen in acids by other metal cations from the bases.
NaCl is normal salt formed by the reaction of HCl with NaOH.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Acidic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydrogens atoms of acids are called acidic salts.
Example:
NaHSO4 is formed when partial replacement of hydrogen atoms by the sodium atoms of base.
H2SO4 + NaOH → NaHSO4 + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted base is not sufficient for the neutralisation of acid.

Basic salts:
Salts which are formed by the partial replacement of hydroxyl group are called basic salts.
Example: 
Ca(OH)Cl is formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide group from Ca(OH)2 by chloride ions of acid.
Ca(OH)2 + HCl → Ca(OH)Cl + H2O
In general these salts formed when the reacted acid is not sufficient for the neutralisation of base.

Table below giving neutral, acidic and basic salts.

Type of SaltType of AcidType of BaseExample        Neutral
        pH = 7  Strong Acids
  Examples:
  HCl
  H2SO4  Strong Bases
  Examples:
  NaOH
  KOH  NaCl
  K2SO4       Acidic
       pH < 7  Strong Acids
  Examples:
  HCl
  HNO3  Strong Bases
  Examples:
  NH4OH
  Mg(OH)2  NH4Cl
  Mg(NO3)2       Basic
        pH > 7  Weak Acids
  Examples:
  H2CO3
  CH3COOH  Strong Bases
 Examples: 
  NaOH
  KOH  Na2CO3
  CH3COOK



Double salts: 
Salts that are formed by mixing of two simple salts which are obtained crystallisation.
Example:
Potash alum - K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 .24H2O
Dolomite - CaCO3.MgCO3


Complex salts:
The salts which contains different types of metal atoms which on hydrolysis produces complex ions along with simple ions are called complex salts.
Example:
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl  ⇄  [Ag ( NH3 )2 ]+ + Cl-


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