Question

Presidential democracy. Mention two features of
Differentiate
between
parliamentary and
the type of parliamentary democracy we have​ ?

Answer 1

Answer:

Parliamentary is at both centre and in the states. and there are 4 Articles we have 74 & 75 (at the centre), 163 & 164 (states).

TWO TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT-

Parliamentary (Executive is responsible to the legislature and its policies.)

Presidential (Independent)

Parliamentary government is also known as Cabinet or Responsible government which is in Canada, Britain, & Japan.

Presidential government is also known as Irresponsible government which is in USA, Brazil, Russia, & Sri-lanka.

Features of Parliamentary system

Nominal & Real Executive

-President- Nominal (Head of the state)

-Prime-minister- Real Head of the Government)

Majority Party Rule

-Lok-sabha (Majority forms the government)

-Leader- PM appointed by the President.

-Ministers- Appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime-minister.

(When no majority coalition of parties takes place)

Collective Responsibility

-Bedrock of Ps. (Parliamentary system)

-Ministers responsible to the Parliament in general & Lok-sabha in particular.

-It work as a Team.

-Collective responsibility- Lok-sabha can remove the Ministry by passing a vote of No Confidence.

Political Homogeneity

-Usually members belong to the same part so shares same Ideology but in case of Coalition the Ministers are bound by Consensus.

Double-Membership

-Ministers are members of both Legislature & the executive.

I.e. Person can’t be a Minister Without being a member of the Parliament.

-Const. says that a Minister ceases to be a minister if he is not a member of Parliament.

Leadership of the PM

-PM- Leader of council of Ministers, Parliament, Party in Power. (Lok-sabha)

Dissolution of the lower house (LOK SABHA)

-It can be dissolved by the President on Recommendation of the Prime Minister

Secrecy

-Ministers operate on the principle of secrecy and not divulge information.

-They take Oath. & it is adm. by the President.

Presidential System

President is both the Head of the government and the State.

-He occupies a ceremonial position. ( Head of the State)

-Executive organ. (government)

President elected by a Electoral college for 4yrs.

-Cannot be removed by the Congress. Except by Impeachment for a grave Unconstitutional act.

They aren’t responsible to Congress for their Acts Neither posses any Membership.

President can’t dissolve the House of Representatives. (Congress)

Doctrine- Separation of powers. ( Legislative, Judicial & Executive powers vested in three of them.)

So, from the above we conclude that

Parliamentary system-

Responsible Government

Harmony between legislative and executive to prevent conflict.

Unstable Government (Dissolution)

No separation of Powers.

Government of Amateurs.

Presidential system-

Irresponsible Government

No Harmony

Stable government

Separation of Powers

Government of Experts