Question

properties of paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substance​

Answer 1

Answer:

paramagnetic - do not show dipole moment

di magnetic- magnetise in direction of magnetic field

ferro magnetic - highly magnetic substances

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Answer 2

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(i) Properties of diamagnetic substances

Diamagnetic substances are those in which the net magnetic moment of atoms is zero.

• 1. The susceptibility has a low negative value. (For example, for bismuth χm= ? 0.00017).
• 2. Susceptibility is independent of temperature.
• 3. The relative permeability is slightly less than one.
• 4. When placed in a non uniform magnetic field they have a tendency to move. away from the field. (i.e) from the stronger part to the weaker part of the field. They get magnetised in a direction opposite to the field .
• 5. When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, they set themselves perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field .

Examples : Bi, Sb, Cu, Au, Hg, H2O, H2 etc

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(ii) Properties of paramagnetic substances

Paramagnetic substances are those in which each atom or molecule has a net non-zero magnetic moment of its own.

• 1. Susceptibility has a low positive value. (For example : χm for aluminium is +0.00002).
• 2. Susceptibiltity is inversely proportional to absolute temperature (i.e) χm α 1/T . As the temperature increases susceptibility decreases.
• 3. The relative permeability is greater than one.
• 4. When placed in a non uniform magnetic field, they have a tendency to move from weaker part to the stronger part of the field. They get magnetised in the direction of the field as shown in Fig.
• 5. When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, they set themselves parallel to the direction of magnetic field (Fig.).

Examples : Al, Pt, Cr, O2, Mn, CuSO4 etc.

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(iii) Properties of ferromagnetic substance

Ferromagnetic substances are those in which each atom or molecule has a strong spontaneous net magnetic moment. These substances exhibit strong paramagnetic properties.

• 1. The susceptibility and relative permeability are very large. (For example : ?r for iron = 200,000)
• 2. Susceptibility is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature.(i.e) χm α 1/T. As the temperature increases the value of susceptibilitydecreases. At a particular temperature, ferro magnetics become para magnetics. This transition temperature is called curie temperature. For example curie temperature of iron is about 1000 K.
• 3. When suspended freely in uniform magnetic field, they set themselves parallel to the direction of magnetic field.
• 4. When placed in a non uniform magnetic field, they have a tendency to move from the weaker part to the stronger part of the field. They get strongly magnetised in the direction of the field.

Examples : Fe, Ni, Co and a number of their alloys

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