Question

Proteomics

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Answer 1

Proteomics is the study of the proteome—the complete protein content of a cell. It is the proteins a cell makes that allow it to carry out its specialized functions. Although, for example, a liver and a kidney cell have many proteins in common, they also each possess a unique subset of proteins, which gives to them their own characteristics. Similarly, a cell will need to make different proteins, and proteins in different amounts, according to its metabolic state. The goal of proteomics is to identify all of the proteins produced by different cells and how a particular disease changes a cell’s protein profile.

Answer 2

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Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteomes. A proteome is a set of proteins produced in an organism, system, or biological context. We may refer to, for instance, the proteome of a species (for example, Homo sapiens) or an organ (for example, the liver). The proteome is not constant; it differs from cell to cell and changes over time. To some degree, the proteome reflects the underlying transcriptome. However, protein activity (often assessed by the reaction rate of the processes in which the protein is involved) is also modulated by many factors in addition to the expression level of the relevant gene.

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