Question

Prove the parallel axis theorem in
determination of moment of inertia of
areas with the help of a neat sketch. 7
& also state & derive perpendicular axis theoram
K/314
( Turn Over )​

Answer 1

Answer:

Perpendicular Axis Theorem                                                                                                                     

This theorem is applicable only to the planar bodies. Bodies which are flat with very less or negligible thickness. This theorem states that the moment of inertia of a planar body about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes concurrent with the perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the body.



( Source: Toproadrunner5 )

In the above figure, we can see the perpendicular body. So Z axis is the axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the body and the other two axes lie in the plane of the body. So this theorem states that

IZ =  Ix  +  Iy

That means the moment of inertia about an axis which is perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes.

Let us see an example of this theorem:

Suppose we want to calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform ring about its diameter. Let its centre be MR²/2, where M is the mass and R is the radius. So, by the theorem of perpendicular axes, IZ =  Ix  +  Iy. Since the ring is uniform, all the diameters are equal.

∴  Ix  = Iy

∴ IZ  = 2 Ix

Iz = MR²/4

So finally the moment of inertia of a disc about any of its diameter is MR²/4

Learn more about Moment of Inertia in detail here.

Parallel Axis Theorem

Parallel axis theorem is applicable to bodies of any shape. The theorem of parallel axis states that the moment of inertia of a body about an axis parallel to an axis passing through the centre of mass is equal to the sum of the moment of inertia of body about an axis passing through centre of mass and product of mass and square of the distance between the two axes.

IZ’ = Iz + Mα²

where, α is the distance between two axes.

Solved Examples For You

Q1. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and length L bout an axis perpendicular to the rod, through its centre is I. The moment of inertia of the rod about an axis perpendicular to the rod through its endpoint is:

I/4

I/2

2I

4I

Answer: D. Icentre =  ML²/12 and Iendpoint = ML²/3 = 4I