Q.1. With the help of a detailed flow chart, show the classification of resources along with one example for each category.
Q.2. Write two factors that determine the soil fertility.
Q.3. Differentiate between Khadar and Bhangar.
Q.4. What were the views of Gandhiji on resource planning and sustainable development?
Q5. Think and write any two methods for reducing fallow land
CLASS X
Answers
Answer:
ans 1 Natural resources may be additionally divided in several ways. Resources can be classified on the grounds of origin: Abiotic resources contain non-living things such as land, water, atmosphere and metals such as gold, alloy, copper, silver. Biotic resources are acquired from the biosphere.
ans 2 Here are some factors that influence soil fertility;
soil pH: this determines which nutrient becomes available for plant use.
Presence of organic matter: organic materials have nutrients in them that need to be recycled for the next growing cycle. Increasing soil organic matter content means you are increasing the fertility of the soil.
Moisture content : nutrients available in the soil for plant use are mostly found in the soil solution, not in the solid matrix. Soil with low moisture content are not very fertile.
Antagonistic effect of another nutrient : the presence of certain elements in the soil can make other elements unavailable. Eg. Iron compounds always precipitate with phosphorus, and excess potassium can make magnesium unavailable.
Bulk density: you don't want your soil to be compacted. Because compaction can obstruct root penetration. If the roots cannot penetrate the soil, then they can't reach the nutrients.
Clay content: this factor determines the cation exchange capacity of the soil. Higher CEC means more nutrients would be temporarily reserved for when the plants need them. Low CEC means that nutrients can be easily lost by leaching off to the ground water.
ans 3 The khadar soils are found in the low areas of the valley, bottom of a valley which are flooded every year. The Bhangar soils are found in higher reaches, about 30 m above the flood level. 2. These soils are finer in texture.
Ans 4 In Mahatma Gandhi's opinion, sustainable development is economic development based on ecological principles like environmental harmony, economic efficiency, resource (including energy) conservation, local self-reliance, and equity with social justice. It is implicitly environmentally sustainable
Ans 5 Afforestation.
Proper management grazing land.
Planting of shelter belts in desert areas.
Control of overgrazing.
Stabilization of sand dunes by growing theory bushes.
Proper management of waste lands.
Control on mining activities.
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