Q.11 (a) What is petroleum refining?
Delta, mumbai
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(b) What is the main purpose of petroleum refining?
(c) While refining petroleum which property is used to separate petroleum into its
various fractions.
Q.12 Write two uses of petrol, kerosene, diesel, paraffin wax and bitumen?
Q.13 Why is CNG being used as a fuel for vehicles?
Q.14 Explain why should we use fossil fuels only when absolutely necessary.
Q.15 What is the full form of LPG and CNG?
Q.16 What are the tips given by PCRA to save petrol and diesel?
Q.17 Why is petroleum called black gold?
Q.18 Give two advantages of natural gas as a fuel.
Q.19 Explain why coal, petrol and diesel oil will be exhausted one day.
Q.20 Write any two ways in which we can conserve fossil fuels.
Q.21 Write three ways in which we can help to meet energy crisis.
Q.22 Why are petrol, coal called non-renewable resources?
Q.23 What are the advantages of using inexhaustible resources of energy?
Q.24 Write the composition of natural gas.
Answers
Answer:
11.(a)Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
(b) Petroleum refining is mainly aimed at transforming crude oil into useful goods such as LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel oil, jet fuel and fuel oils.
(c)The fractions of petroleum separate due to difference in their boiling points.Petroleum is heated at different temperatures and the contents vapourise at different points and are separated out.
12.→ As fuels for automobiles. → Making of commercial pesticides. Uses of DIESEL. → In power stations to produce electricity.
13.CNG, also known as compressed natural gas, is an eco-friendly alternative to gasoline. Made by compressing natural gas (methane) down to less than 1% of its volume, CNG fuel is safer than gasoline and diesel because it is non-toxic and does not contaminate ground water.
14.The burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of air pollution. On burning, these produce harmful gases like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc and cause global warming in the atmosphere. Then this leads to depletion of the ozone layer. Hence we should use fossil fuels only when absolutely necessary.
15.LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas. CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.
16.Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible. Switch off the engine at traffic signals or at places where you have to wait. Ensure correct tyre pressure. Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
17. Petroleum is referred to as Black Gold.When the petroleum is drilled from the ground in the liquid form, it is referred to as crude oil. This name black gold itself is an indication that it is very vital to humans. Because of its oil and worth, people refer to it gold.
18.Natural gas is environmentally friendly because it burns cleaner than other fossil fuels. It's safer and easier to store when compared to other fossil fuels. Natural gas is extremely reliable, unlike electric power that can be knocked out during a storm. Natural gas is less expensive than other fossil fuels.
19.Coal, petrol and diesel oil will be exhausted one day because they are non-renewable resources of energy and cannot be replenished over time.
20.(i) Conversion into efficient forms like CNG.
(ii) Protection of resources from fires.
21.•Solar energy.
•Hydroelectricity.
•Self excited generator.
22.coal and petroleum are called non renewable resources because they cannot be formed quickly. They take even millions and billions of year to be formed.So coal cannot be replenished within a given time. Therefore it is considered to be non renewable resources.
23.•It is safe to use and available in abundant amount.
•They will never be finished can be used for forever.
•They are environment friendly.
•It give economic benifit to people where inexhaustible resource located.
•Inexhaustibleresourecs need low maintenance.
24.Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.